Lung transplantation is an established therapeutic procedure for end-stage pulmonary disease. Ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury after lung transplantation continues to present a potentially life-threatening problem and has been the focus of much research during the last 20 years. Despite improved strategies, as many as 10-15% of the transplanted pulmonary allografts might experience severe graft dysfunction immediately after implantation. Trimetazidine (TMZ) has been shown to be an effective anti-ischaemic drug in cultured cells, isolated organs and animal models of ischaemia. Although it has been reported that it affects both metabolic functions and ion permeabilities in mitochondria, its mechanism of action is not fully understood. The preventive effect of TMZ in post-transplant lung I/R injury is observed in a single lung transplant model in rats as well. Our experimental experience is compared with the literature.