Adherence refers to the extent to which patients’ behaviours correspond with agreed treatment recommendations. It is an important element of effective treatment in primary healthcare and other medical settings. High adherence is associated with better health outcomes, fewer complications, and lower healthcare costs.

Adherence can be influenced by numerous factors. Some are related to legal responsibilities, as doctors, nurses, midwives, physiotherapists, and pharmacists must provide patients with information and health education. Other factors include the quality of communication and the organization of therapy.

Barriers to adherence can be unintentional or intentional. Unintentional barriers include cognitive problems, complex medication schedules, and physical difficulties. Intentional barriers include lack of trust in treatment, fear of side effects, and the perception that treatment is unnecessary due to absence of symptoms.

System-related issues such as high medication costs, limited time during visits, low health literacy, and misinformation on social media also affect adherence. Improving communication, patient education, simpler treatment plans, digital tools, and teamwork can significantly improve adherence and treatment outcomes.