eISSN: 2299-0046
ISSN: 1642-395X
Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii
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4/2009
vol. 26
 
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Review paper
Genital ulcer diseases as an entry for HIV infection

Monika Duś
,
Magdalena Łuczkowska
,
Ryszard Żaba

Post Dermatol Alergol 2009; XXVI, 4: 206–211
Online publish date: 2009/08/30
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Genital ulcer diseases (GUDs) are documented agents facilitating HIV-1 infection. The main pathogens causing GUDs are: Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Treponema pallidum and Haemophilus ducreyi. It is suggested that these diseases may increase the risk of HIV transmission even a hundredfold. A few mechanisms facilitating HIV penetration into the organism are considered. The first one is disruption of the epidermis or mucous membranes, creating a physical entry point for an infection. The next one is an increased number of inflammatory infiltration cells such as macrophages and T-lymphocytes. Increased expression (up-regulation) of HIV co-receptors – CCR5 and CXCR4 – on the surface of macrophages and lymphocytes in lesions is an additional risk factor of HIV infection. In the paper relationships between GUDs and HIV acquisition are described.
keywords:

genital ulcers, HIV

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