Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as a carbohydrate intolerance of varying severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Most women with GDM return to normal glucose tolerance after delivery, but have an increased risk of develop­ing diabetes in the next 5-10 years. The main risk factors for the future diabetes in this group of women are: early recognition of GDM, high serum glucose values and insulin therapy during pregnancy. Maternal obesity and diabetes may also predispose to the development of the metabolic syndrome and glucose intolerance in the offspring. The prophylaxis of type 2 diabetes for women with the history of GDM includes life style modification (diet and regular physical activity) and breastfeeding.