Suicide and suicidal behavior as a subject of medical science research. Definition, classification and review of biomarkers of suicidal behavior. Part I. Psychiatric and neuroimaging markers of suicidal behavior

Suicide and suicidal behavior are the subject of much research in both science and humanities. The fields of medicine showing interest in the subject of suicides are: psychiatry, neuropathology, neurobiology, genetics, forensic medicine, even radiology. As many studies to date have shown, clinical risk factors for committing suicide (e.g. scales for assessing the risk of suicide in psychiatry) have a low predictive value. This may explain the growing interest of other sciences in searching for other, more reliable biomarkers of suicidal behavior. Although the history of research on the neurobiological basis of suicidal behavior is over 60 years old, it is still difficult to draw unambiguous conclusions from these studies. So far, researchers have focused mainly on the analysis of single biological variables. The results presented in the review work below came mainly from small group studies, the results of individual analyzes did not always turn out to be consistent.