Objectives

This paper aims to present the definition and historical background of the ketogenic diet, with particular emphasis on its use in treating epilepsy and selected neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, eating disorders, and autism spectrum disorders.

Literature review

Initially developed to treat drug-resistant epilepsy, the ketogenic diet is now receiving growing attention as a potential adjunctive therapy for various psychiatric conditions. Advances in the understanding of ketone body physiology have offered deeper insights into their mechanisms of action at both the cellular and systemic levels. At the same time, the emerging field of metabolic psychiatry highlights shared pathophysiological mechanisms underlying both metabolic and psychiatric disorders, providing a foundation for integrating metabolic interventions into psychiatric care.

Conclusions

Current evidence suggests that the ketogenic diet may serve as a valuable adjunct to pharmacological and psychotherapeutic approaches in selected mental health disorders. The development of metabolic psychiatry underscores the need for further interdisciplinary research into the efficacy and safety of ketogenic interventions in neuropsychiatric care.