The prevalence of allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and asthma in the population of children in Poland

llergic rhinitis (AR), atopic dermatitis (AD), and asthma are among the most prevalent chronic diseases affecting children. This review synthesizes recent epidemiological data on these conditions in Poland, with a focus on prevalence rates, geographic variation, and temporal trends, to assess the current burden and inform future public health strategies. A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database, covering studies published between 1990 and 2021. Key words included: epidemiology, prevalence, asthma, atopic asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, eczema, children, and childhood. From 235 initial results, 45 studies specifically addressing allergic diseases in the Polish paediatric population were selected for analysis.The prevalence of allergic conditions in Polish children remains high. The Epidemiology of Allergic Diseases in Poland study reported an overall allergy prevalence of 49%, exceeding the global average of 40% reported by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Urban-rural disparities were consistently observed, with higher rates of AR, AD, and asthma in urban areas. Atopic dermatitis commonly begins in early childhood, while asthma shows a rising trend over the past decades. However, underdiagnosis – especially of asthma – continues to hinder timely intervention and care. Allergic diseases pose a substantial health burden among children in Poland, with prevalence patterns reflecting both global trends and region-specific disparities. While some national data suggest relative stability in prevalence over time, findings also reveal ongoing challenges, including underdiagnosis and urban-rural inequities. Continued epidemiological monitoring is essential to improve disease recognition, guide resource allocation, and support early intervention efforts.