So far, the best-known gene that plays the most important role in the development of actinic keratoses and squamous skin cancers is gene TP5. Within this gene typical for the effects of the action of UV radiation mutations with induction of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (C:T, CC:TT) are mainly detected. This demonstrates the importance of UV radiation in skin carcinogenesis. Currently genetic studies are focused on searching other genes and also disturbances within them which may play an important role in the development of both of these diseases. In the report the data on genes CDKN2A, CDKN2B, RAS, MYC, GST1, EGFR, PATCHED1, XPC, MC1R and telomerase are discussed.