Postprandial hyperglycaemia is considered to be an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. However, it is still not routinely used in diagnosis and monitoring of type 2 diabetic patients. In this paper, epidemiological and interventional studies evaluating the effect of postprandial hyperglycaemia treatment on the prognosis of type 2 diabetic patients are analyzed. Putative mechanisms of acceleration of the atherosclerotic process by postprandial hyperglycaemia as well as the possibilities of treatment are discussed. According to the current evidence, it appears that determination and treatment of postprandial hyperglycaemia should become standard in monitoring type 2 diabetic patients.