The relationship of early maladaptive schemas with various manifestations of mental disorders is confirmed in recent empirical research. Young’s theory belongs to the so-called third wave of cognitive behavioral therapy. Its techniques are used primarily in the treatment of personality disorders. Over the last 20 years, borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been diagnosed more and more frequently, and by many researchers and clinicians it is called the personality disorder of our time. Due to the fact that the awareness of BPD symptoms in common perception is increasing, and patients with this diagnosis more and more often seek specialist advice, it seems important to look for new, available, but also effective ways of helping this group of people. Therapeutic techniques derived from the aforementioned theory of early maladaptive Young’s schemas are gaining more and more popularity. The aim of the study is therefore to present the understanding of symptoms of borderline personality disorder from the perspective of schema theory.