Introduction

Apical extrusion of debris and irrigants is a major concern in all root canal treatments, potentially leading to postoperative complications. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of One Reci, Revo-S Plus, ProTaper Gold (PG), and ProTaper Ultimate (PTUltimate) canal instruments on the apical extrusion of debris during root canal shaping in curved canals.

Material and methods

Eighty mandibular first molars with mesiobuccal roots having curvature degrees of 20-45° according to Schneider method were utilized in this study. Teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 20 per group) using One Reci, Revo-S Plus, PG, and PTUltimate instruments. Eppendorf tubes were employed in experimental setup to collect extruded debris. Before the procedure, empty weight of each Eppendorf tube was measured on a precision balance. Distilled water irrigation was performed using a standardized irrigation delivery system. After the experiment, Eppendorf tubes were placed in an incubator at 37°C for 14 days to evaporate the moisture and determine dry weight of extruded debris. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the amounts of debris produced by the four file systems. Significance level for all analyses was set at p < 0.05.

Results

No significant difference was observed in the mean apical extrusion amount between the groups (p > 0.05). The PG and PTUltimate groups exhibited lower amounts of debris extrusion compared to other instruments, and this difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

All the instrument systems used in the study caused apical debris extrusion in curved root canals, with no significant differences between them observed.