Oesophageal leiomyoma is a rare benign tumour of the oesophagus, which does not cause clinical symptoms in more than half of cases. Below we present the case of a symptomless oesophageal tumour. Due to the unequivocal result of imaging examinations and no histopathological diagnosis the patient was qualified for thoracotomy. During the operation the oesophageal tumour was suspected of passing through the hiatus into the abdominal cavity. The specimen revealed a neoplasm of mesenchymal origin without distinct traits of malignancy. The patient was admitted to the Surgical Department, where she was qualified for surgery, which was carried out by a team of surgeons and thoracic surgeons. The encapsulated tumour and oesophagus were resected. The histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations corres ponded to leiomyoma oesophagi. The lesion was radically resected. The size of the lesion was 22 × 14 × 13 cm. Three months after the surgery no traits of relapse were found.