Współczesna Onkologia

Abstract

6/2009 vol. 13
Case report

Haploidentical allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation using CD3/CD19 depletion and myeloablative conditioning: a case report and a review of the literature

Współczesna Onkologia (2009) vol. 13; 6 (292–296)
Online publish date: 2010/01/04
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A haploidentical transplant can be defined as a transplant that uses marrow or stem cells from a relative who is only half matched in HLA. Recently, a new regimen using graft CD3/CD19 depletion with anti-CD3- and anti-CD19-coated microbeads on a CliniMACS device was developed. CD3/CD19 depleted grafts contain not only CD34+ stem cells but also CD34-negative progenitors, natural killer, dendritic and graft-facilitating cells, thereby enhancing engraftment. We report a case description of a child using CD3/CD19 depleted grafts in a haploidentical stem cell transplant setting and a review of the available literature. A 3-year old boy was treated for very early relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The myelo-ablative therapy consisted of weight-adjusted intravenous busulfan, flu-darabine, cyclophosphamide, and thymoglobuline. The reduction of CD3 load was 99.9% (i.e. 3.64 log scale); however, due to current CD3 load in the graft (2.7 × 105 CD3+/kg), GVHD prophylaxis was done with cyclosporine A and methotrexate. The only complication after transplantation was CMV reactivation, treated with pre-emptive therapy. Bone marrow biopsy at day +29 revealed normal haematopoiesis and donor chimerism 95%. The patient remains in remission at day +300. We can conclude from our observation and literature review that HLA haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation with CD3/CD19 depletion may be an effective and safe therapy for children with relapsed leukaemia.
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