The aim of an advance care planning is to realize health care corresponding to the patient’s wishes. It has not been well established in Polish law yet, thus leading to some practical problems in palliative care within the last weeks of life. The main challenges concerned with patient’s informed consent, informing health care proxies or respecting the living wills are presented. The possibility of expressing one’s advance directives which are consistent with the law may enhance satisfaction of better quality end-of-life care.