Abstract
Menopause and mental health: clinical evidence and public discourse
Menopause Rev 2026; 25(1): 36-44
The global
discourse surrounding menopause has undergone a seismic shift,
transitioning from clinical silence to a hyper-visible cultural
phenomenon. However, this "menopausal turn" has introduced
a significant paradox: while visibility reduces stigma, it frequently
replaces clinical nuance with market-driven, reductive narratives. This paper
provides a comprehensive bio-psycho-social synthesis of the menopause
transition, bridging the gap between emerging neurobiological evidence and
contemporary public discourse. We examine the neuroendocrine basis of
perimenopausal mood changes, illustrating how fluctuating ovarian steroids –
specifically oestradiol and progesterone – modulate serotonergic, dopaminergic,
and GABAergic systems to create a window of psychiatric vulnerability.
Challenging the "oestrogen deficiency" monocausal model, we integrate
epidemiological data from major longitudinal cohorts, such as the Study of
Women’s Health Across the Nation, to highlight the "domino effect" of
vasomotor symptoms, sleep fragmentation, and pre-existing psychosocial
stressors. A critical focus is placed on the diagnostic attribution bias
prevalent across medical specialties. We argue that primary care and psychiatry
often operate through divergent "disciplinary lenses," leading to the
misattribution of symptoms and fragmented care pathways. Furthermore, we
critique the commercialisation of the "wellness" industry, which
often leverages "femvertising" to promote non-clinical solutions that
mask complex neurobiological realities. Ultimately, this paper advocates for
a nuanced, interdisciplinary framework. By reconciling physiological
evidence with the lived sociocultural experience, healthcare providers can move
beyond superficial public narratives to deliver individualized, evidence-based
care that addresses the holistic mental and physical wellbeing of women
navigating this profound midlife transition.
Keywords
menopause, mood disorders, perimenopause, midlife mental health, biopsychosocial model
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