Micronized progesterone. Its features and application in gynecology and obstetrics

Progesterone together with estradiol is one of the most important steroid hormone responsible for reproductive functions in women. Progesterone is produced in the ovary, testis, adrenal glands, central nervous system and placenta. The use of the natural progesterone in the hormonal therapy was difficult. It was related to the fast metabolism of natural progesterone and its weak bioavailibility. The use of progestinsgave the hope for the safe and effective therapy. It was appeared, that the use of progestins is associated with the numerous metabolic side effects such as: sodium retention in the system, disturbances in the glucose tolerance, bleeding, secondary amenorrhea. Therefore the use of micronized progesterone seems to be very promising. The chemical structure of micronized progesterone is identical with natural progesterone. The micronization process improved progesterone bioavailibility and effectivness. Micronized progesterone preparations can be used in the treatment of menstrual disorders, hormonal replacement therapy, osteoporosis, premenstrual syndrome and therapy of pregnancy maintenance.