Kotlińska-Lemieszek A, Bączyk E, Ciałkowska-Rysz A, Łuczak J. Morphine in the treatment of pain in patients with the advanced cancer. Do we know it well? How to use it safely?. Medycyna Paliatywna/Palliative Medicine. 2010;2(2):67-80.
APA
Kotlińska-Lemieszek, A., Bączyk, E., Ciałkowska-Rysz, A., & Łuczak, J. (2010). Morphine in the treatment of pain in patients with the advanced cancer. Do we know it well? How to use it safely?. Medycyna Paliatywna/Palliative Medicine, 2(2), 67-80.
Chicago
Kotlińska-Lemieszek, Aleksandra, Ewa Bączyk, Aleksandra Ciałkowska-Rysz, and Jacek Łuczak. 2010. "Morphine in the treatment of pain in patients with the advanced cancer. Do we know it well? How to use it safely?". Medycyna Paliatywna/Palliative Medicine 2 (2): 67-80.
Harvard
Kotlińska-Lemieszek, A., Bączyk, E., Ciałkowska-Rysz, A., and Łuczak, J. (2010). Morphine in the treatment of pain in patients with the advanced cancer. Do we know it well? How to use it safely?. Medycyna Paliatywna/Palliative Medicine, 2(2), pp.67-80.
MLA
Kotlińska-Lemieszek, Aleksandra et al. "Morphine in the treatment of pain in patients with the advanced cancer. Do we know it well? How to use it safely?." Medycyna Paliatywna/Palliative Medicine, vol. 2, no. 2, 2010, pp. 67-80.
Vancouver
Kotlińska-Lemieszek A, Bączyk E, Ciałkowska-Rysz A, Łuczak J. Morphine in the treatment of pain in patients with the advanced cancer. Do we know it well? How to use it safely?. Medycyna Paliatywna/Palliative Medicine. 2010;2(2):67-80.
The characteristics of oral and parenteral morphine with the focus on pharmacokinetic parameters essential for clinical practice, adverse effects and interactions, was presented in the paper. Updated recommendations concerning morphine based on over 20 years of experience with World Health Organization principles of cancer pain management, including elderly and the patients with liver and renal insufficiency, were described.
Keywords
morphine, cancer pain, recommendations, opioid rotation, combined opioid therapy
