Menopause Review
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eISSN: 2299-0038
ISSN: 1643-8876
Menopause Review/Przegląd Menopauzalny
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1/2022
vol. 21
 
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abstract:
Original paper

Pregnancy outcomes in women with diabetes mellitus – the impact of diabetes type and treatment

Gauri Bapayeva
1
,
Sanja Terzic
2
,
Jelena Dotlic
3, 4
,
Karligash Togyzbayeva
1
,
Ulzhan Bugibaeva
1
,
Madina Mustafinova
1
,
Assem Alisheva
1
,
Simone Garzon
5
,
Milan Terzic
1, 2, 6
,
Antonio Simone Laganà
7

  1. Clinical Academic Department of Women's Health, Corporate Fund "University Medical Center", Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
  2. Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
  3. Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
  4. School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AOUI Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
  6. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
  7. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
Menopause Rev 2022; 21(1): 37-46
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2022.113781
Online publish date: 2022/02/21
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Introduction
It has been estimated that approximately 16% of pregnancies worldwide are affected by pre-existing or gestational insulin-dependent (type 1) or independent (type 2) diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy remains a high-risk condition for both mother and child. This study aimed to investigate pregnancy outcomes regarding DM types.

Material and methods
The study included 323 DM patients delivered for 6 years (2012–2017). General and obstetric history data and all complications throughout the pregnancy and the early neonatal period were noted. Based on DM type, women were divided into 4 groups: pre-pregnancy/pre-existing DM, insulin-dependent or independent, and gestational diabetes mellitus with or without insulin therapy.

Results
The majority of women had pre-existing insulin-independent DM (type II 62%). Some types of pregnancy/maternal complications were registered in almost 85% of examined pregnancies. However, all babies were live born and mostly with good outcome (36.85% with early neonatal complications). Diabetes mellitus type could not predict the occurrence of neonatal complications (p = 0.342). Pre-existing insulin-dependent DM increased the risk for pregnancy complications (p = 0.031; OR = 1.656).

Conclusions
Diabetes mellitus type has a limited impact on pregnancy outcomes and the occurrence of maternal and neonatal complications. With adequate therapy the pregnancy outcome can be good regardless of DM type.

keywords:

diabetes mellitus type; pregnancy outcome; maternal complications

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