Przegląd Menopauzalny

Prevalence, diagnosis, and management of dysmenorrhea among Polish women: a cross-sectional study

Katarzyna Kwas-Sarnancka 1
,
Maria Szubert 1, 2
,
Julia Zawierucha 1
,
Aleksandra Urban 3
,
Magdalena Bednarek-Jędrzejek 4
,
Anna Bogaczyk 5
,
Daniel Patryk Wolder 6
,
Julia Bijok 7
,
Jacek Wilczynski 1

  1. Department of Surgical and Oncologic Gynaecology, 1st Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

  2. Borahay’s Lab, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johs Hopkins Research Institute, Baltimore, USA

  3. II Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

  4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Clinical Hospital, no 2, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland

  5. Department of Gynecology, Gynaecology Oncology and Obstetrics, Fryderyk Chopin University Hospital, Rzeszow, Poland

  6. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland

  7. Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland

Menopause Rev 2026; 25(2)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2026.164753
Data publikacji online: 2026/09/15
Article file
Prevalence diagnosis.pdf
Confronting perimenopausal women’s knowledge of coronary heart disease with their health behaviours. Controversial role of hormone replacement therapy in the protection of coronary heart disease
  1. Kirsch E, Rahman S, Kerolus K, Hasan R, Kowalska DB, Desai A, et al. Dysmenorrhea, a narrative review of therapeutic options. J Pain Res 2024; 17: 2657-2666.
  2. Iacovides S, Avidon I, Baker FC. What we know about primary dysmenorrhea today: a critical review. Hum Rep Update 2015; 21: 762-778.
  3. Nariai M, Wada-Hiraike O, Maeda E, Matsuzaki M, Mori-Uchino M, Furukawa M, et al. Effects of dysmenorrhea on work productivity and quality of life in Japanese women: a large-scale web-based cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2025; 20: e0329154.
  4. Karout S, Soubra L, Rahme D, Karout L, Khojah HMJ, Itani R. Prevalence, risk factors, and management practices of primary dysmenorrhea among young women. BMC Women’s Health 2021; 21: 392.
  5. Ramaiyer M, Lulseged B, Michel R, Ali F, Liang J, Borahay MA. Menstruation in the USA. Curr Epidemiol Rep 2023; 10: 186-195.
  6. Onyehalu JC, Isah A, Ugochukwu EJ, Nwachuya CA, Aniefuna CV, Ugwu DO, et al. Impact of dysmenorrhea on participation in academic activities by female undergraduate pharmacy students in Nigerian universities: a nationwide cross-sectional assessment. Malawi Med J 2025; 37: 136-144.
  7. Hong Ju, Jones M, Mishra G. The prevalence and risk factors of dysmenorrhea. Epidemiol Rev 2014; 36: 104-113.
  8. De Sanctis V, Soliman AT, Elsedfy H, Soliman N, Elalaily R. Dysmenorrhea in adolescents and young adults: a review. Acta Bio Medica 2023; 94: e2023021.
  9. Itani R, Soubra L, Karout S, Rahme D, Karout L, Khojah HMJ. Primary dysmenorrhea: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment updates. Korean J Fam Med 2022; 43: 101-108.
  10. Liu J, Wang Y, Zhou X, Zhang L. Influencing factors of primary dysmenorrhea among young women. Medicine 2024; 103: e41211.
  11. Wang Y, Chen Y, Liu M, Zhang H. Prevalence and risk factors of primary dysmenorrhea: a population-based study. Sci Rep 2025; 15: 89038.
  12. Czajkowska M, Drosdzol-Cop A, Naworska B, Galazka I, Gogola C, Rutkowska M, et al. The impact of competitive sports on menstrual cycle and menstrual disorders, including premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder and hormonal imbalances. Ginekol Pol 2020; 91: 503-512.
  13. Ghimire A, Neupane MS. Educating for equity, navigating reality: community health nurses implementing interventions to eradicate Chhaupadi in Karnali, Nepal. BMC Nurs 2025; 24: 1368.
  14. Amza M, Findeklee S, Haj Hamoud B, Sima RM, Poenaru MO, et al. Dysmenorrhea and its impact on patients’ quality of life-a cross-sectional study. J Clin Med 2024; 13: 5660.
  15. Zahradnik HP, Hanjalic-Beck A, Groth K. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and hormonal contraceptives for pain relief from dysmenorrhea: a review. Contraception 2010; 81: 185-196.
  16. Burnett M, Lemyre M. Guideline No. 345: primary dysmenorrhea. J Obst Gynaecol Canada 2025; 47: 123-140.
  17. Dawood MY. Primary dysmenorrhea: advances in pathogenesis and management. Obstet Gynecol 2006; 108: 428-441.
  18. Iacovides S, Avidon I, Baker FC. What we know about primary dysmenorrhea today: a critical review. Hum Reprod Update 2015; 21: 762-778.
  19. Leon-Larios F, Silva-Reus I, Martínez MJP, Roba AR, Martínez EI, Pas- cual IL, et al. Influence of menstrual pain and symptoms on activities of daily living and work absenteeism: a cross-sectional study. Reprod Health 2024; 19; 25.
  20. Breton Z, Gouesbet S, Indersie E, Gabillet M, Tran VT, Aflak N, et al. Endometriosis diagnostic delay and its correlates: results from the ComPaRe – endometriosis cohort. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2026; 35: 172-188.
  21. Van der Zanden M, Arens MWJ, Braat DDM., Nelen WML, Nap AW. Gynaecologists’ view on diagnostic delay and care performance in endometriosis in The Netherland. Reprod Biomed 2018; 37: 761-768.
  22. Chen CX, Shieh C, Draucker CB, Carpenter JS. Reasons women do not seek health care for dysmenorrea. J Clin Nurs 2018; 27: e301-e308.
  23. Amza M, Findeklee S, Hamoud BH, Sima RM, Poenaru MO, Popescu M, et al. Dysmenorrhea and its impact on patients’ quality of life – a cross-sectional study. J Clin Med 2024; 13: 5660.
  24. Schoep ME, Adang EMM, Maas JWM, de Bie B, Aarts JWM, Nie- boer TE. Productivity loss due to mentruation-related symptoms: a nationwide cross-sectional survey among 32 748 women. BMJ Open 2019; 9: e026186.
  25. Fooladi E, Bell RJ, Robinson PJ, Skiba M, Davis SR. Dysmenorrhea, workability, and absenteeism in Australian woman. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32: 1249-1256.
  26. Donayeva A, Amanzholkyzy A, Abdelazim I, Nurgaliyeva R, Gubasheva G, Saparbayev S, et al. The impact of primary dysemenorrhea on adolescents’ activities and school attendance. J Med Life 2023; 16: 1462-1467.
  27. Berenson AB, Rahman M. Changes in weight, total fat, percent body fat, and central-to-peripheral fat ratio associated with injectable and oral contraceptive use. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 200: 329.e1-8.
  28. Wang Q, Würtz P, Auro K, Morin-Papunen L, Kangas AJ, Soininen P, et al. Effects of hormonal contraception on systemic metabolism: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45: 1445-1457.
  29. Robakis T, Williams K, Nutkiewicz L, Rasgon N. Hormonal contraceptives and mood: review of the literature and implications for future research. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019; 21: 10.1007/s11920-019-1034-z.
  30. MacGregor EA. Oestrogen and attacks of migraine with and without aura. Lancet Neurol 2004; 3: 354-361.
  31. Burkman R, Bell C, Serfaty D. The evolution of combined oral contraception: improving the risk-to-benefit ratio. Contraception 2011; 84: 19-34.
  32. Benagiano G, Pera A, Primiero FM. The endometrium and hormonal contraceptives. Hum Reprod 2000; 15: 101-118.
  33. Boztaş Elverişli G, Armağan N, Atilgan E. Comparison of the efficacy of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments in women with primary dysmenorrhea: randomized controlled parallel-group study. Ginekol Pol 2023; 94: 687-697.
  34. Armour M, Parry K, Al-Dabbas MA, Smith CA. The effectiveness of self-care and lifestyle interventions in primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2019; 19: 22.
  35. Lee B, Kim J, Kim H. Effects of herbal medicine on dysmenorrhea: a meta- analysis. Complement Ther Med 2021; 56: 102608.
  36. Fernandez-Perez P, Leiros-Rodriguez R, Marqués-Sánchez MP, Martínez-Fernández MC, de Carvalho FO, Maciel LYS. Effectiveness of physical therapy interventions in women with dyspareunia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Women Health 2023; 24: 387.
  37. Dayican DK, Ozdincler AR, Aslan BN, Kuz CN, Ozcan BH, Gunes NB, et al. Comparative effects of exercises combined with kinesio taping and electrotherapy in women with primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Altern Ther Health Med 2024; 30: 24-32.
  38. Harel Z. A contemporary approach to dysmenorrhea in adolescents. Paediatr Drugs 2006; 8: 243-251.
  39. Najafi N, Khalkhali H, Tabrizi FM, Zarrin R. Major dietary patterns in relations to menstrual pain: a nested case control study. BMC Womens Health 2018; 18: 69.
  40. Al-Kindi R, Al-Bulushi A..Effect of dietary habits on dysmenorrhea among female university students. J Obst Gynaecol Res 2021; 47: 2220-2227.
  41. Ahmed GS, Mohamed Lotfy AM. Dietary pattern and menstrual disorders among female university students. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2024; 36: 497-504.
Copyright: © 2026 Termedia Sp. z o. o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
SUBMIT YOUR PAPER
Share
without publication fees
Coverage in
Indexed in
pubmed
Integrated with
plagiat pl
Editorial Policies
Sarajevo Declaration on Integrity and Visibility of Scholarly Publications