Screening studies of antimicrobial efficacy of antiseptics as one of the ways to prevent nosocomial infections in dentistry

Introduction
Over the last decades, the problem of formation and circulation of micro-organisms with resistance to antimicrobials has been steadily increasing. Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) are one of the most pressing problems in medicine, urgency of which is associated with high rates of morbidity, mortality, and significant socio-economic losses.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate antimicrobial activity of commercial disinfectants on typical and clinical isolates of bacteria of genus Staphylococcus.

Material and methods
Clinical base for isolation of bacteria was the University Dental Clinic of Uzhhorod National University, and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of disinfectants was conducted in microbiological laboratory of the Department of Genetics, Plant Physiology and Microbiology of Uzhhorod National University, Ukraine. Sensitivity of micro-organisms to disinfectants was determined using standard method of diffusion into agar (well diameter, 8 mm).

Results
Previous studies have shown that in vitro experiments, the highest anti-staphylococcal effect was observed using Ecobriz antiseptic, AHD 2000, and Lysoformin 3000. It should be noted that sensitivity of coagulase- negative staphylococci was statistically significantly higher than that of coagulase-positive. Thus, the growth retardation zone under the action of AHD 2000 on clinical strain of Staphylococcus aureus was 19.0 ± 0.30 mm and on S. haemolyticus it was 23.9 ± 1.0 mm. This trend was characteristic for other antiseptics. The lowest antimicrobial activity was detected by using Chlorhexidine. Antimicrobial action of ethanol at applied dose was not observed. The highest activity among staphylococci was detected using antiseptics on S. hominis isolates.

Conclusions
Experiments established antimicrobial activity of all antiseptics except Dezoderm and Etasept. The highest level of activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and microscopic fungi was found in Bacylol. High levels of antimicrobial activity were detected using AHD 2000, Lysoformin 3000, Ecobriz antiseptic, and Famidez, with higher activity of antiseptics against bacteria of genus Staphylococcus.