1. Warnakulasuriya S. Global epidemiology of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Oral Oncol 2009; 45: 309-316.
2.
Oropharyngeal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI 2025. Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/oropharyngeal-treatment-pdq (accessed: 1.10.2025).
3.
Eberly HW, Sciscent BY, Lorenz FJ, Rettig EM, Goyal N. Current and emerging diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in head and neck cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12: 415.
4.
Yang L, Venneti S, Nagrath D. Glutaminolysis: a hallmark of cancer metabolism. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2017; 19: 163-194.
5.
Liu Z, Teng C, Wan W, Wu F, Wu C, Ji W, et al. A panel of four plasma amino acids is a promising biomarker for newly diagnosed bladder cancer. Clin Nutr 2024; 43: 1599-1608.
6.
Manig F, Kuhne K, von Neubeck C, Schwarzenbolz U, Yu Z, Kessler BM, et al. The why and how of amino acid analytics in cancer diagnostics and therapy. J Biotechnol 2017; 242: 30-54.
7.
Yang Y, Wang Z, Li X, Lv J, Zhong R, Gao S, et al. Profiling the metabolic disorder and detection of colorectal cancer based on targeted amino acids metabolomics. J Transl Med 2023; 21: 824.
8.
Barzał JA, Szczylik C, Rzepecki P, Jaworska M, Anuszewska E. Plasma citrulline level as a biomarker for cancer therapy-induced small bowel mucosal damage. Acta Biochim Pol 2014; 61: 615-631.
9.
Sougiannis AT, VanderVeen BN, Davis JM, Fan D, Murphy EA. Understanding chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis and strategies to improve gut resilience. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320: G712-9.
10.
Basile D, Di Nardo P, Corvaja C, Garattini SK, Pelizzari G, Lisanti C, et al. Mucosal injury during anti-cancer treatment: from pathobiology to bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11: 857.
11.
Tang K, Zhang H, Deng J, Wang D, Liu S, Lu S, et al. Ammonia detoxification promotes CD8+ T cell memory development by urea and citrulline cycles. Nat Immunol 2023; 24: 162-173.
12.
Meng Q, Li Y, Sun Z, Liu J. Citrulline facilitates the glycolysis, proliferation, and metastasis of lung cancer cells by regulating RAB3C. Environmental Toxicology 2024; 39: 4372-4384.
13.
Crenn P, Messing B, Cynober L. Citrulline as a biomarker of intestinal failure due to enterocyte mass reduction. Clin Nutr 2008; 27: 328-339.
14.
Messing B, Crenn P, Beau P, Boutron-Ruault MC, Rambaud JC, Matuchansky C. Long-term survival and parenteral nutrition dependence in adult patients with the short bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 1999; 117: 1043-1050.
15.
Edge SB, Compton CC. The American Joint Committee on Cancer: the 7th Edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual and the Future of TNM. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17: 1471-1474.
16.
Grégoire V, Ang K, Budach W, Grau C, Hamoir M, Langendijk JA, et al. Delineation of the neck node levels for head and neck tumors: a 2013 update. DAHANCA, EORTC, HKNPCSG, NCIC CTG, NCRI, RTOG, TROG consensus guidelines. Radiother Oncol 2014; 110: 172-181.
17.
Schache AG, Liloglou T, Risk JM, Filia A, Jones TM, Sheard J, et al. Evaluation of human papilloma virus diagnostic testing in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: sensitivity, specificity, and prognostic discrimination. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17: 6262-6271.
18.
Maric S, Restin T, Muff JL, Camargo SM, Guglielmetti LC, Holland- Cunz SG, et al. Citrulline, biomarker of enterocyte functional mass and dietary supplement. metabolism, transport, and current evidence for clinical use. Nutrients 2021; 13: 2794.
19.
Flam BR, Eichler DC, Solomonson LP. Endothelial nitric oxide production is tightly coupled to the citrulline-NO cycle. Nitric Oxide 2007; 17: 115-121.
20.
Ishihara C, Sako M, Tsutsumi K, Fujii N, Hashimoto D, Sato A, et al. Involvement of propionate, citrulline, homoserine, and succinate in oral microbiome metabolite-driven periodontal disease progression. Sci Rep 2025; 15: 7149.
21.
Tosi A, Parisatto B, Menegaldo A, Spinato G, Guido M, del Mistro A, et al. The immune microenvironment of HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a multiparametric quantitative and spatial analysis unveils a rationale to target treatment-naïve tumors with immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41: 279.
22.
Kim MH, Kim J-H, Lee JM, Choi JW, Jung D, Cho H, et al. Molecular subtypes of oropharyngeal cancer show distinct immune microenvironment related with immune checkpoint blockade response. Br J Cancer 2020; 122: 1649-1660.
23.
Nelson HH, Pawlita M, Michaud DS, McClean M, Langevin SM, Eliot MN, et al. Immune response to HPV16 E6 and E7 proteins and patient outcomes in head and neck cancer. JAMA Oncol 2017; 3: 178.
24.
Prins R, Fernandez DJ, Akbari O, Da Silva DM, Kast WM. HPV16 E6 and E7 expressing cancer cells suppress the antitumor immune response by upregulating KLF2-mediated IL-23 expression in macrophages. J Immunother Cancer 2025; 13: e011915.
25.
Vyas A, Harbison RA, Faden DL, Kubik M, Palmer D, Zhang Q, et al. Recurrent human papillomavirus – related head and neck cancer undergoes metabolic reprogramming and is driven by oxidative phosphorylation. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27: 6250-6264.
26.
Huseni MA, Wang L, Klementowicz JE, Yuen K, Breart B, Orr C, et al. CD8+ T cell-intrinsic IL-6 signaling promotes resistance to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4: 100878.
27.
Bent EH, Millán-Barea LR, Zhuang I, Goulet DR, Fröse J, Hemann MT. Microenvironmental IL-6 inhibits anti-cancer immune responses generated by cytotoxic chemotherapy. Nat Commun 2021; 12: 6218.
28.
Hailemichael Y, Johnson DH, Abdel-Wahab N, Foo WC, Bentebi- bel SE, Daher M, et al. Interleukin-6 blockade abrogates immunotherapy toxicity and promotes tumor immunity. Cancer Cell 2022; 40: 509-523.e6.