Introduction

This study investigated the associations between surgical history, balance-related fall risk, and functional independence among community-dwelling older adults according to gender.

Material and methods

This cross-sectional study assessed functional independence (functional independence measure), balance performance, cognitive status (standardised mini-mental state examination), and kinesiophobia (Tampa scale of kinesio- phobia) through face-to-face interviews and physical assessments. Participants were categorised according to gender and surgical history. Group differences were examined using unadjusted analyses. Group comparisons and categorical risk analyses were performed according to gender and surgical history. Descriptive statistics and appropriate statistical tests were used to compare the study groups, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

Older women with a history of surgery demonstrated lower functional independence, lower balance scores, and lower cognitive scores compared with the other groups. In addition, participants with a surgical history had a higher risk of balance- related falls (p = 0.023) and lower functional independence (p = 0.027). These findings suggest that previous surgical history was associated with poorer functional outcomes in community-dwelling older adults.

Conclusions

Community-dwelling older adults with a surgical history demonstrated an increased balance-related fall risk and reduced functional independence, particularly women. These findings suggest that older adults with a history of surgery may benefit from comprehensive functional assessment and targeted rehabilitation planning. Early identification of individuals at an increased risk may contribute to improved mobility and independence during aging.