Contemporary Oncology
eISSN: 1897-4309
ISSN: 1428-2526
Contemporary Oncology/Współczesna Onkologia
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4/2025
vol. 29
 
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abstract:
Original paper

The activity of pyrazoline B compound in inhibiting proliferation of breast cancer cells with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpression

Denny Satria
1
,
Syukur Berkat Waruwu
2
,
Eti Nurwening Sholikhah
3
,
Mustofa Mustofa
3
,
Pamungkas Bagus Satriyo
3
,
Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih
4
,
Hesti L Wiraswati
5
,
Muhammad Hasan Bashari
6
,
Ema Damayanti
7

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
  2. Pharmacist Professional Education, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia
  3. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  4. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  5. Parasitology Division, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
  6. Pharmacology Division, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
  7. Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency, Gunungkidul, Indonesia
Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2025; 29 (4): 360–366
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2025.155694
Online publish date: 2025/10/30
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Introduction
This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and elucidate the mechanism of action of the chemical compound pyrazoline B in inhibiting the proliferation of MCF 7/HER-2 breast cancer cells.

Material and methods
Pyrazoline B was synthesized at the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Cytotoxic activity against MCF 7/HER-2 cells was assessed using the MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyse cell cycle arrest (G2/M phase), induction of apoptosis and necrosis, and the expression of PI3K, mTOR, and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Results
Pyrazoline B exhibited cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 16.42 µg/ml. All comparisons between treated and control cells were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Compared with the untreated control cells, G2/M phase accumulation increased by 19.10–20.80% (1.09-fold). Early apoptosis increased by 1.8–2.8% (1.56-fold), late apoptosis by 3.4–14.1% (4.15-fold), and late necrosis by 0.9–2.5% (2.78-fold). PI3K expression decreased by 98.2–85.0% (13.2% reduction), and mTOR expression by 99.6–98.3% (1.3% reduction). Reactive oxygen species levels increased by 34.2–49.2% (1.44-fold).

Conclusions
Pyrazoline B inhibited cell cycle progression, induced apoptosis and necrosis, downregulated PI3K/mTOR signalling, and elevated ROS levels in MCF 7/HER-2 cells compared with the untreated control cells. These findings suggest that pyrazoline B is a promising candidate for development as a novel anticancer agent.

keywords:

cytotoxicity, breast cancer, growth inhibition, apoptosis, pyrazoline B
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