Abstract
The influence of body mass index and smoking on the age of onset of menopause in women in Bosnia and Herzegovina: a cross-sectional multicentric study
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Private Gynaecology Clinic “Dr Begic” Kalesija, Kalesija, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital Tešanj, Tešanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
Introduction
Menopause is the last physiological menstrual period and is a complex process involving the following: endocrine, genitourinary, cardiovascular, and locomotor system, and it leads to vasomotor symptoms and psychological complaints. This study aims to investigate the influence of smoking and body mass index (BMI) as risk factors on the age of onset of menopause in women in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Material and methods
This study included 460 women in natural menopause. The study was conducted in 2 phases: interview and measurement of BMI. Each patient underwent an interview based on the questionnaire, following the verbal consent of the patient, who had previously been explained the nature of the research.
Results
The age at which menopause occurs increases with the BMI increase, and it can be described by the regression equation: age = 0.096 x BMI + 45.7, which has statistical significance. The mean age of menopause occurrence in current smokers was lower (47.5 ±0.4 years) than in non-smokers (48.8 ±0.2 years) (p = 0.010).
Conclusions
Our study confirmed the statistically significant correlation between smoking, BMI, and age of onset of menopause.
Keywords
body mass index, smoking, menopause
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