The role of liver fluke invasion in the pathogenesis 
of cholangiocarcinoma

Martyna Bykowska-Tumasz; Katarzyna Sikorska

doi:10.5114/ceh.2026.158943

eISSN: 2449-8238
ISSN: 2392-1099

Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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abstract:

Review paper

The role of liver fluke invasion in the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma

Martyna Bykowska-Tumasz

¹

,

Katarzyna Sikorska

¹

Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland

Clin Exp HEPATOL 2026; 12, 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ceh.2026.158943

Online publish date: 2026/02/06

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Infections with the liver flukes Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini are currently endemic in Southeast and East Asia. Their limited ecological and geographical distribution is caused by environmental factors and culinary habits of the human population. Climate change, globalization, increasing human mobility, and environmental changes affecting the reservoir of zoonotic infections may change the epidemiology of trematodes. The species C. sinensis and O. viverrini have been recognized as biological carcinogens leading to the development of biliary tract cancer. This paper presents the epidemiology of infections with the above species, and summarizes the known mechanisms of cholangiocarcinogenesis induced by parasitic invasion.

keywords:

The role of liver fluke invasion in the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma

Martyna Bykowska-Tumasz 1 , Katarzyna Sikorska 1

liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, cholangiocarcinoma

Martyna Bykowska-Tumasz

¹

,

Katarzyna Sikorska

¹