Abstract
3/2023
vol. 22
Review paper
Use of botulinum toxin in aesthetic medicine and gynaecology: current approaches, controversies, and future directions
- Unit of Gynaecological Oncology, ARNAS “Civico – Di Cristina – Benfratelli”, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, PhD Course in “Translational Medicine and Oncology”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
Menopause Rev 2023; 22(3): 155-160
Online publish date: 2023/09/25
This review looks at the use of botulinum toxin in the gynaecological field with the aim of determining what needs to be further investigated to achieve a standardized application. Numerous studies have been conducted to explore how botulinum toxins (BoNT) can be applied, and it is becoming popular for treating various disorders such as chronic pelvic pain, vestibulodynia, and vaginism. However, the exact dosage and ideal location for injections still need to be clarified. The objective of this study is to point out which aspects need to be more carefully studied to ensure a consistent use of BoNT in gynaecology.
Keywords
botulinum, vagina, vulva, vulvodynia, dyspareunia, Botox
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