eISSN: 1897-4295
ISSN: 1734-9338
Advances in Interventional Cardiology/Postępy w Kardiologii Interwencyjnej
Current issue Archive Manuscripts accepted About the journal Editorial board Abstracting and indexing Subscription Contact Instructions for authors Publication charge Ethical standards and procedures
Editorial System
Submit your Manuscript
SCImago Journal & Country Rank
1/2022
vol. 18
 
Share:
Share:
Image in intervention

Simultaneous spontaneous dissection of right carotid and left vertebral artery followed by spontaneous coronary artery dissection in a patient with renal fibromuscular dysplasia and aneurysm

Agata Kobierska
1
,
Joanna Zalewska
1
,
Ilona Michałowska
2
,
Artur Dziewierz
3
,
Jacek Kądziela
1

  1. Department of Invasive Cardiology and Angiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
  2. Department of Radiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
  3. 2nd Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
Adv Interv Cardiol 2022; 18, 1 (67): 74–75
Online publish date: 2022/05/12
Article file
Get citation
 
 

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an increasingly recognized, non-iatrogenic, non-traumatic, non-atherosclerotic disease presenting as an acute coronary syndrome [1, 2]. The dissection can recur and involve not only coronary but also visceral, cerebral and cervical arteries [3]. The predictors for recurrence remain unspecified. However, one study suggested fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and migraine as potential risk factors [4].

A 37-year-old woman with a history of migraine was admitted to hospital due to headaches in the occipital area associated with increased blood pressure, which started 10 days earlier and exacerbated 2 days before admission. During the hospitalization, she was diagnosed with arterial hypertension. Computed tomography (CT) angiography showed multivessel dissection: right internal carotid artery (RICA) dissection with the length of 45 mm (Figure 1 A), and 9 mm left vertebral artery (LVA) dissection (Figure 1 B). The patient was treated with antithrombotic (heparin) and antiplatelet (aspirin) drugs. After 20 days, control CT angiography demonstrated progression of the dissection with significant stenosis of the RICA true lumen. Therefore, flow-diverter stent implantation was performed. The patient was treated with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).

Figure 1

A – Spontaneous dissection of the right internal carotid artery – computed tomography angiography. B – Spontaneous dissection of the left vertebral artery – computed tomography angiography. C – Spontaneous dissection of left anterior descending artery and second diagonal branch – invasive coronary angiography. D – Fibromuscular dysplasia in the right renal artery with coexisting renal artery aneurysm – computed tomography angiography

/f/fulltexts/PWKI/47030/PWKI-18-47030-g001_min.jpg

After 7 months the patient remained asymptomatic but follow-up cerebral arteriography showed persisting blood flow into the false RICA lumen. Consequently the second stent was implanted, and DAPT was continued. The next 6-month period of follow-up was uneventful; therefore, clopidogrel was discontinued and 150 mg of aspirin was recommended for 3 years.

In January 2018, she presented to hospital with ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Coronary angiography showed long spontaneous LAD dissection (mid-distal segment, type 2 b dissection) also involving the proximal segment of the second diagonal branch with complete (TIMI grade 3) flow in both arteries (Figure 1 C). SCAD was treated conservatively. Two weeks later, screening for vascular abnormalities revealed right renal FMD with renal artery aneurysm 14 × 10 × 11 mm. Computed tomography angiography performed 1 year later revealed complete LAD healing and no progression of renal artery aneurysm enlargement (Figure 1 D). Left ventricle ejection fraction in echocardiography was normal. Antinuclear antibodies were not present. The clinical course has remained uneventful to date.

Our case report presents a rare case of a patient with spontaneous multivessel cervical dissection involving RICA and LVA followed by SCAD after 18 months. Spontaneous artery dissection can occur suddenly and could be considered as one of the possible diagnoses in every young, middle-aged woman presenting symptoms suggesting myocardial infarction or stroke. The patient who has already experienced one artery dissection should be aware of the potentially increased risk of further episodes. Screening for extracoronary arteriopathies, including FMD and aneurysms, is recommended.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

1 

Adlam D, Alfonso F, Maas A, Vrints C; Writing Committee. European Society of Cardiology, acute cardiovascular care association, SCAD study group: a position paper on spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Eur Heart J 2018; 39: 3353-68.

2 

Kądziela J, Kochman J, Grygier M, et al. The diagnosis and management of spontaneous coronary artery dissection – expert opinion of the Association of Cardiovascular Interventions (ACVI) of Polish Cardiac Society. Kardiol Pol 2021; 79: 930-43.

3 

Hayes SN, Tweet MS, Adlam D, et al. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: JACC State-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76: 961-84.

4 

Clare R, Duan L, Phan D, et al. Characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8: e012570.

Copyright: © 2022 Termedia Sp. z o. o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
 
Quick links
© 2024 Termedia Sp. z o.o.
Developed by Bentus.