Gingival crevicular fluid levels of cytokine, chemokine, and growth factors in patients 
with periodontitis or gingivitis and periodontally healthy subjects: a cross-sectional multiplex study

Hasan Gündogar; Kemal Üstün; Süleyman Ziya Şenyurt; Eda Çetin Özdemir; Ufuk Sezer; Kamile Erciyas

doi:10.5114/ceji.2021.110289

eISSN: 1644-4124
ISSN: 1426-3912

Central European Journal of Immunology

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abstract:

Clinical immunology

Gingival crevicular fluid levels of cytokine, chemokine, and growth factors in patients with periodontitis or gingivitis and periodontally healthy subjects: a cross-sectional multiplex study

Hasan Gündogar

^{1, 2, 3}

,

Kemal Üstün

⁴

,

Süleyman Ziya Şenyurt

³

,

Eda Çetin Özdemir

⁵

,

Ufuk Sezer

⁶

,

Kamile Erciyas

³

Department of Surgery and Pediatric Dentistry, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan, Kazakhstan
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Turkey
4 Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Turkey
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü I˙mam University, Turkey
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, I˙stanbul Gelişim University, Turkey

(Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46 (4): 474-480)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2021.110289

Online publish date: 2021/10/25

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AMA

Gündogar H, Üstün K, Ziya Şenyurt S, Çetin Özdemir E, Sezer U, Erciyas K. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of cytokine, chemokine, and growth factors in patients 
with periodontitis or gingivitis and periodontally healthy subjects: a cross-sectional multiplex study. Central European Journal of Immunology. 2021;46(4):474-480. doi:10.5114/ceji.2021.110289.

APA

Gündogar, H., Üstün, K., Ziya Şenyurt, S., Çetin Özdemir, E., Sezer, U.,  & Erciyas, K. (2021). Gingival crevicular fluid levels of cytokine, chemokine, and growth factors in patients 
with periodontitis or gingivitis and periodontally healthy subjects: a cross-sectional multiplex study. Central European Journal of Immunology, 46(4), 474-480. https://doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2021.110289

Chicago

Gündogar, Hasan, Kemal Üstün, Süleyman Ziya Şenyurt, Eda Çetin Özdemir, Ufuk Sezer,  and Kamile Erciyas. 2021. "Gingival crevicular fluid levels of cytokine, chemokine, and growth factors in patients 
with periodontitis or gingivitis and periodontally healthy subjects: a cross-sectional multiplex study". Central European Journal of Immunology 46 (4): 474-480. doi:10.5114/ceji.2021.110289.

Harvard

Gündogar, H., Üstün, K., Ziya Şenyurt, S., Çetin Özdemir, E., Sezer, U.,  and Erciyas, K. (2021). Gingival crevicular fluid levels of cytokine, chemokine, and growth factors in patients 
with periodontitis or gingivitis and periodontally healthy subjects: a cross-sectional multiplex study. Central European Journal of Immunology, 46(4), pp.474-480. https://doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2021.110289

MLA

Gündogar, Hasan et al. "Gingival crevicular fluid levels of cytokine, chemokine, and growth factors in patients 
with periodontitis or gingivitis and periodontally healthy subjects: a cross-sectional multiplex study." Central European Journal of Immunology, vol. 46, no. 4, 2021, pp. 474-480. doi:10.5114/ceji.2021.110289.

Vancouver

Gündogar H, Üstün K, Ziya Şenyurt S, Çetin Özdemir E, Sezer U, Erciyas K. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of cytokine, chemokine, and growth factors in patients 
with periodontitis or gingivitis and periodontally healthy subjects: a cross-sectional multiplex study. Central European Journal of Immunology. 2021;46(4):474-480. doi:10.5114/ceji.2021.110289.

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Introduction
Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is an important resource for detecting inflammatory biomarkers related to periodontal disease. The purpose of this research was to identify the possible relation between cytokine levels and periodontal status.

Material and methods
GCF samples collected from 25 periodontally healthy individuals, 24 with gingivitis, and 24 with periodontitis were analyzed using the MAGPIX system with a Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-plex kit. Gingival index (GI), periodontal pocket depth (PPD), plaque index (PI), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured from each tooth to determine each patient’s periodontal status.

Results
All clinical parameters showed statistically significant differences between groups. While interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, macrophage chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), interferon g-induced protein 10 (IP-10) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were statistically significantly higher in patients with periodontitis compared to periodontally healthy subjects, IL-15 levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in periodontally healthy individuals compared to periodontitis (p < 0.05). Also, IL-1 and IP-10 showed positive correlations with PPD, CAL, GI and bleeding on probing (BOP).

Conclusions
It is considered that IL-1, IL-6, IL-15, MCP-1, VEGF and IP-10 could be related to periodontal disease and health and can be used as an adjunct to clinical examination in future research design. Scanning cytokines in GCF with a multiplex immunoassay technique is consequential, especially because many cytokine types are found in one sample.

keywords:

Gingival crevicular fluid levels of cytokine, chemokine, and growth factors in patients with periodontitis or gingivitis and periodontally healthy subjects: a cross-sectional multiplex study

Hasan Gündogar 1, 2, 3 , Kemal Üstün 4 , Süleyman Ziya Şenyurt 3 , Eda Çetin Özdemir 5 , Ufuk Sezer 6 , Kamile Erciyas 3

periodontitis, gingivitis, periodontal health, laser doppler flow cytometry

Hasan Gündogar

^{1, 2, 3}

,

Kemal Üstün

⁴

,

Süleyman Ziya Şenyurt

³

,

Eda Çetin Özdemir

⁵

,

Ufuk Sezer

⁶

,

Kamile Erciyas

³