eISSN: 2299-0038
ISSN: 1643-8876
Menopause Review/Przegląd Menopauzalny
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2/2020
vol. 19
 
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abstract:
Review paper

Impaired inflammatory state of the endometrium: a multifaceted approach to endometrial inflammation. Current insights and future directions

Amal Drizi
1
,
Dusan Djokovic
2, 3
,
Antonio Simone Laganà
4
,
Bruno van Herendael
5

  1. Independent consultant in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Algiers, Algeria
  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nova Medical School – Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
  3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital S. Francisco Xavier – Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
  4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
  5. Department of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Stuivenberg General Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
Menopause Rev 2020; 19(2): 90-100
Online publish date: 2020/07/13
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New insights into the complex and fine-regulated inflammatory mechanisms involved in the endometrium reveal multiple facets to the problem of endometrial inflammation. However, the entity termed chronic endometritis is to date restricted to infectious etiology and managed with antibiotics. Conversely, the concept of impaired inflammatory state of the endometrium (IISE) provides a more global approach to defective endometrial inflammation, considering both infectious and non-infectious etiology. A non-systematic review was done through a search on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library, Health Technology Assessment Database and Web of Science, research registers. Pertinent original and review articles, published in English or French until December 31, 2019, were selected. A compelling body of evidence demonstrates transient, repeated and persistent IISE to be a major factor of most problematic disorders in obstetrics/gynecology, such as endometrial polyps, unexplained infertility, miscarriage, placenta-related pathology and endometrial cancer. When scheduled accordingly, hysteroscopy can play a key role in the IISE assessment. Robust data suggests the pertinence of minimal-effective anti-inflammatory regimens for therapeutic IISE targeting.

This review provides a comprehensive update on the multiple facets of inflammation in the endometrial physiology and pathology. Further research is needed to improve classification, diagnosis and treatment of IISE.
keywords:

impaired inflammatory state of the endometrium, chronic endometritis, endometrial polyp, infertility

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