Is the composition of exhaled breath condensate
a key to explain the course of COVID-19 in children?

Alicja Krejner-Bienias; Katarzyna Grzela; Rafał Krenke; Katarzyna Górska; Patrycja Nejman-Gryz; Dorota Stadnik; Ewa Kobylska; Tomasz Grzela

doi:10.5114/ada.2020.97395

eISSN: 2299-0046
ISSN: 1642-395X

Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii

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6/2021
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abstract:

Original paper

Is the composition of exhaled breath condensate a key to explain the course of COVID-19 in children?

Alicja Krejner-Bienias

¹

,

Katarzyna Grzela

²

,

Rafał Krenke

³

,

Katarzyna Górska

³

,

Patrycja Nejman-Gryz

³

,

Dorota Stadnik

⁴

,

Ewa Kobylska

⁴

,

Tomasz Grzela

¹

Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Lukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Warsaw, Poland

Adv Dermatol Allergol 2021; XXXVIII (6): 1001–1005

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ada.2020.97395

Online publish date: 2020/11/12

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AMA

Krejner-Bienias A, Grzela K, Krenke R, et al. Is the composition of exhaled breath condensate
a key to explain the course of COVID-19 in children?. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii. 2021;38(6):1001-1005. doi:10.5114/ada.2020.97395.

APA

Krejner-Bienias, A., Grzela, K., Krenke, R., Górska, K., Nejman-Gryz, P.,  & Stadnik, D. et al. (2021). Is the composition of exhaled breath condensate
a key to explain the course of COVID-19 in children?. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 38(6), 1001-1005. https://doi.org/10.5114/ada.2020.97395

Chicago

Krejner-Bienias, Alicja, Katarzyna Grzela, Rafał Krenke, Katarzyna Górska, Patrycja Nejman-Gryz, Dorota Stadnik,  and Ewa Kobylska et al. 2021. "Is the composition of exhaled breath condensate
a key to explain the course of COVID-19 in children?". Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii 38 (6): 1001-1005. doi:10.5114/ada.2020.97395.

Harvard

Krejner-Bienias, A., Grzela, K., Krenke, R., Górska, K., Nejman-Gryz, P., Stadnik, D., Kobylska, E.,  and Grzela, T. (2021). Is the composition of exhaled breath condensate
a key to explain the course of COVID-19 in children?. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 38(6), pp.1001-1005. https://doi.org/10.5114/ada.2020.97395

MLA

Krejner-Bienias, Alicja et al. "Is the composition of exhaled breath condensate
a key to explain the course of COVID-19 in children?." Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii, vol. 38, no. 6, 2021, pp. 1001-1005. doi:10.5114/ada.2020.97395.

Vancouver

Krejner-Bienias A, Grzela K, Krenke R, Górska K, Nejman-Gryz P, Stadnik D et al. Is the composition of exhaled breath condensate
a key to explain the course of COVID-19 in children?. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii. 2021;38(6):1001-1005. doi:10.5114/ada.2020.97395.

Introduction
The relative resistance of children to severe course of the novel coronavirus infection remains unclear. We hypothesized that there might be a link between this phenomenon and observation from our previous studies concerning an inhibitory or cytotoxic effect of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) on endothelial cell cultures in children.

Aim
Since we could not find any data on the similar effect caused by EBC in adults, the aim of our study was to evaluate and compare the biological activity of EBC in adults and children in an experimental in vitro model. Furthermore, in order to identify a putative agent responsible for these properties of EBC in children, we attempted to analyse the composition of selected EBC samples.

Material and methods
The influence of EBC samples on metabolic activity of endothelial cell line C-166 was assessed using colorimetric tetrazolium salt reduction assay (MTT assay). Selected EBC samples were fractionated using size exclusion chromatography and subjected to mass spectrometry analysis.

Results
Exhaled breath condensates in healthy children, but not in adults, revealed a cytotoxic effect on in vitro cell cultures. This effect was most significant in condensate fraction, which contained a prominent 4.8 kDa peak in the mass spectra.

Conclusions
Breath condensates of healthy children contain the factor which reveals the inhibitory/cytotoxic effect on endothelial cell cultures. Although the physiological role of this agent remains unclear, its identification may potentially be useful in ongoing research on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.

keywords:

Is the composition of exhaled breath condensate a key to explain the course of COVID-19 in children?

Alicja Krejner-Bienias 1 , Katarzyna Grzela 2 , Rafał Krenke 3 , Katarzyna Górska 3 , Patrycja Nejman-Gryz 3 , Dorota Stadnik 4 , Ewa Kobylska 4 , Tomasz Grzela 1

exhaled breath condensate, SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, Kawasaki-like syndrome

Alicja Krejner-Bienias

¹

,

Katarzyna Grzela

²

,

Rafał Krenke

³

,

Katarzyna Górska

³

,

Patrycja Nejman-Gryz

³

,

Dorota Stadnik

⁴

,

Ewa Kobylska

⁴

,

Tomasz Grzela

¹