Relationship between multimorbidity and sociodemographic factors, depressive symptoms, and lifestyle in middle-aged adults

Introduction
Multimorbidity (MM) is associated with high mortality, disability, more frequent use of both inpatient and outpatient care, lower quality of life, and increased psychological distress and polypharmacy. As a result, MM has recently been recognized as one of the most difficult challenges faced by the global healthcare system. Consequently, identifying the factors that accompany MM may be key for the improvement of overall health in every population, and for the provision of appropriate medical care to patients.

Aim of the research
To assess the prevalence of MM and the associated factors in middle-aged adults.

Material and methods
The research material consisted of 12,113 persons aged from 40 to 64 years. The backward stepwise regression method was used to identify factors associated with MM. Sociodemographic data and information about depressive symptoms and lifestyle were analysed.

Results
A higher likelihood of MM was observed in older individuals of both genders (p < 0.001) who declared more problems related to mental health (p < 0.001), took painkillers regularly, were former smokers, drank less alcohol, and declared abnormal sleeping time (both too short and too long). In addition, MM was associated with a longer sitting time in men and shorter vigorous physical activity in women.

Conclusions
MM is a frequent problem in adults aged between 40 and 64 years, which necessitates the development of a strategy for the prevention and treatment of MM in middle-aged adults. The complexity of factors related to MM indicates a need to ensure that such patients receive coordinated care from multidisciplinary teams.