Morawiecka-Pietrzak M, Dąbrowska E, Gliwińska A, et al. A rare case of primary amenorrhoea and breast development in a 46,XY 15-year-old girl. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. 2021;27(1):62-67. doi:10.5114/pedm.2020.101803.
APA
Morawiecka-Pietrzak, M., Dąbrowska, E., Gliwińska, A., Góra, A., Geisler, G., & Gawlik, A. et al. (2021). A rare case of primary amenorrhoea and breast development in a 46,XY 15-year-old girl. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, 27(1), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2020.101803
Chicago
Morawiecka-Pietrzak, Małgorzata, Ewelina Dąbrowska, Aleksandra Gliwińska, Anna Góra, Gabriela Geisler, Aneta Gawlik, and Grzegorz Kudela et al. 2021. "A rare case of primary amenorrhoea and breast development in a 46,XY 15-year-old girl". Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism 27 (1): 62-67. doi:10.5114/pedm.2020.101803.
Harvard
Morawiecka-Pietrzak, M., Dąbrowska, E., Gliwińska, A., Góra, A., Geisler, G., Gawlik, A., Kudela, G., and Ziora, K. (2021). A rare case of primary amenorrhoea and breast development in a 46,XY 15-year-old girl. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, 27(1), pp.62-67. https://doi.org/10.5114/pedm.2020.101803
MLA
Morawiecka-Pietrzak, Małgorzata et al. "A rare case of primary amenorrhoea and breast development in a 46,XY 15-year-old girl." Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, vol. 27, no. 1, 2021, pp. 62-67. doi:10.5114/pedm.2020.101803.
Vancouver
Morawiecka-Pietrzak M, Dąbrowska E, Gliwińska A, Góra A, Geisler G, Gawlik A et al. A rare case of primary amenorrhoea and breast development in a 46,XY 15-year-old girl. Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism. 2021;27(1):62-67. doi:10.5114/pedm.2020.101803.
A disorder of sex development (DSD) is defined as a congenital condition in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Swyer syndrome is an example of 46,XY DSD with a female phenotype. It usually becomes apparent in adolescence with delayed puberty and amenorrhoea. Spontaneous breast development is very rare. A 15-year-old girl was presented due to primary amenorrhoea with breast development compatible with Tanner stage V. Hormonal tests revealed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism with low level of oestradiol. Pelvic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a small uterus, and no ovaries were found. In the right lower abdomen, a structure of unknown origin was visible. The chromosome analysis revealed a 46,XY karyotype. The patient was qualified for a laparoscopic bilateral gonadectomy. Postoperative histopathological examination revealed gonadoblastoma. We underline the need to consider DSD 46,XY in the presence of primary amenorrhoea, even when pubertal development is present. Germ cell tumors have a tendency to grow and metastasize rapidly. Delayed diagnosis may increase the risk of malignant transformation and cause a poor diagnosis.
Keywords
primary amenorrhoea, gonadal dysgenesis, Swyer syndrome, gonadoblastoma, disorder of sex development