Tomaszewski D, Marjański T, Rzyman W. Chylothorax due to left brachiocephalic vein thrombosis
as a late complication of pacemaker implantation. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2011;8(4):494-496.
APA
Tomaszewski, D., Marjański, T., & Rzyman, W. (2011). Chylothorax due to left brachiocephalic vein thrombosis
as a late complication of pacemaker implantation. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 8(4), 494-496.
Chicago
Tomaszewski, Dariusz, Tomasz Marjański, and Witold Rzyman. 2011. "Chylothorax due to left brachiocephalic vein thrombosis
as a late complication of pacemaker implantation". Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 8 (4): 494-496.
Harvard
Tomaszewski, D., Marjański, T., and Rzyman, W. (2011). Chylothorax due to left brachiocephalic vein thrombosis
as a late complication of pacemaker implantation. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 8(4), pp.494-496.
MLA
Tomaszewski, Dariusz et al. "Chylothorax due to left brachiocephalic vein thrombosis
as a late complication of pacemaker implantation." Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, vol. 8, no. 4, 2011, pp. 494-496.
Vancouver
Tomaszewski D, Marjański T, Rzyman W. Chylothorax due to left brachiocephalic vein thrombosis
as a late complication of pacemaker implantation. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2011;8(4):494-496.
Pacemaker implantation resulting in lymph leakage to the pleural cavity is exceptionally rarely reported in the medical literature. We report a case of a 87-year-old patient who developed left brachiocephalic vein thrombosis on pacemaker electrodes 12 years after implantation. Due to lack of flow from the thoracic duct to the left venous angle, the thoracic duct cracked and lymph leaked to the right pleural cavity. Supradiaphragmatic ligation of the thoracic duct in right thoracotomy efficiently ceased lymph leakage.