Co-occurrence of atopic dermatitis with obesity, diabetes, and autoimmune thyroid diseases

Atopic dermatitis, synonym atopic eczema (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease characterised by recurrent, dry skin lesions, persistent itching, and reduced quality of life. Its development is attributed to genetic defects and immunological disorders influenced by lifestyle and environmental factors. Obesity is a disease associated with implications for the immune system due to impaired adipocyte function and the proinflammatory cytokines they secrete, which impact, among other things, skin health. Immune dysregulation and environmental factors are among the significant causes of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and its uncontrolled course can influence coexisting inflammatory diseases. Autoimmune thyroid diseases are often among several coexisting autoimmune diseases, hence the hypothesis of a shared pathogenesis between these diseases and AD. The common occurrence and unclear pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, and hormonal and metabolic disorders prompts analyses of their coexistence with AD, thanks to which lifestyle modification and an individual approach to therapy could improve the quality of life on many levels and in an interdisciplinary approach. The aim of this study was to verify whether there is a relationship between the coexistence of AD, diabetes, obesity, and autoimmune thyroid diseases, and based on the analysed sources, it can be assumed that there are common pathogenesis pathways of the mentioned diseases and their mutual influence on the risk of occurrence and course.