Endometrial hyperplasias most often occur in perimenopausal women. The basic cause is action of oestrogens uncompensated by progesterone. Hysteroscopy with selective endometrial biopsy has the highest diagnostic value in diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasias. Treatment is individual and depends on patient’s age, her general health status, procreative plans and detection of cell atypia in an endometrial sample. Treatment options involve various methods of hormonal therapy, endometrial destruction and hysterectomy.