Many women suffer considerably from urogynaecological symptoms caused by hypoestrogenism. Application of topical oestrogens in young women improves the function of the urogenital tissues, facilitating the restoration of a normal vaginal environment and augmenting the antimicrobial defence. Topical oestrogens prevent the development of urogenital atrophy during breastfeeding and after oncological and immunosuppressive treatment; they also enable optimal preparation of anatomical structures before surgery and promote wound healing and integration of surgical materials with host tissues, which decrease the risk of implant rejection.