Female sexual disorders due to breast cancer and its treatment

In 2018 alone, more than 20,000 new cases of malignant breast cancer were registered in Poland. The rapidly increasing incidence of breast cancer in recent years, along with a gradually increasing 5-year survival rate, currently reaching 77%, results in a growing population of patients living with the consequences of the disease and its treatment. Sexual dysfunctions are one of the main causes of reduced quality of life after breast cancer diagnosis. According to a meta-analysis based on the most commonly used questionnaire to assess female sexual function (Female Sexual Function Index – FSFI), it is estimated that 73.4% of female patients experience sexual disorders, compared to 6-63% in the general population. The main factors associated with the onset of such dysfunctions include the type of oncologic therapy administered, with a particular focus on the extent of surgery, hormonal therapy in premenopausal women, and the patient’s age. Among women treated for malignant breast cancer, disturbances in sexual desire and arousal, vaginal lubrication, dyspareunia, a reduction in the ability to achieve or a decrease in the intensity of orgasm, worsened body image, decreased sense of femininity and attractiveness, and reduced sexual activity are observed. Despite sexuality remaining an important aspect of the lives of breast cancer patients, this area of their health is often neglected during treatment. Increasing patients’ awareness of the risk of developing disorders during and after oncological therapy, as well as education about available effective therapeutic methods, is crucial in their return to full health.