Image-guided high-dose-rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer patients with previous rectal resection and pelvic irradiation: feasibility study

Purpose
The aim of this study was to describe treatment procedure and early clinical outcomes of high-dose-rate (HDR) interstitial brachytherapy (BT) in clinically localized prostate cancer patients previously treated for rectal cancer with abdominoperineal rectal resection and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT).

Material and methods
Between February and July 2015, two patients with clinically localized prostate cancer without rectal access were treated in our brachytherapy department. HDR interstitial brachytherapy was conducted with the guidance of fluoroscopy and computed tomography (CT) imaging. Brachytherapy was combined with hormonal therapy.

Results
Follow-up lasted for 34 and 39 months for patient 1 and 2, respectively. Both patients remained free from biochemical recurrence according to the Phoenix definition. No severe G3/G4 late toxicity was observed, and neither patient experienced any gastrointestinal morbidity. Acute and late urinary toxicities were at an acceptance level, and were scored G1 and G2 for patient 1, and G3 and G1 for patient 2, respectively.

Conclusions
Fluoroscopy and 3D CT image-guided interstitial brachytherapy is feasible and appears to be a suitable treatment technique for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer after previous rectal resection and external beam radiation therapy.