The progress in basic science and molecular biology allows closer connection of them with clinical investigations, which help in explanation of many problems involved in aetiology and pathogenesis of several diseases. In this paper we have briefly reviewed the modern possibilities of hormone replacement therapy according to individual needs and polymorphic genotypes of treated women. On this basis we are able to distinguish the group of women, which should avoid estrogens exposition, and those which could have benefits from hormonal therapy during menopause.