Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
eISSN: 1897-4252
ISSN: 1731-5530
Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
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1/2025
vol. 22
 
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abstract:
Review paper

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the lung: a comprehensive narrative review of clinical and therapeutic insights

Vasileios Leivaditis
1
,
Marianthi Baltagianni
2
,
Elias Liolis
3
,
Nikolaos Baltayiannis
4
,
Gabriela Stanc
5
,
Efthymia Souka
5
,
Pella Batika
1
,
Konstantinos Grapatsas
6
,
Levan Tchabashvili
7
,
Konstantinos Tasios
7
,
Andreas Antzoulas
7
,
Dimitrios Litsas
8
,
Eleftherios Beltsios
9
,
Manfred Dahm
1
,
Athanasios Papatriantafyllou
1
,
Efstratios Koletsis
10
,
Francesk Mulita
7

  1. Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Westpfalz Klinikum, Kaiserslautern, Germany
  2. Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Western Attica, Athens, Greece
  3. Department of Oncology, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
  4. Department of Thoracic Surgery. ‘Metaxa’ Anticancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
  5. Department of Pathology. ’Metaxa’ Anticancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
  6. Department of Thoracic Surgery and Thoracic Endoscopy, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
  7. Department of General Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
  8. Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Lamia, Lamia, Greece
  9. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hannover Medical School, Germany
  10. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska 2025; 22 (1): 32-43
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/kitp.2025.148514
Online publish date: 2025/03/14
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Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm classified by the World Health Organization as an intermediate malignancy with less than a 5% chance of metastasis. IMTs consist of myofibroblastic and spindle fibroblastic cells accompanied by inflammatory infiltration, primarily affecting patients under 16 years old, though they can also occur in adults. The etiology and pathogenesis of IMTs remain unclear, with possible contributing factors including inflammation, trauma, autoimmune diseases, prior surgery, viral infections, and uncontrolled myofibroblast proliferation. The primary treatment is complete surgical resection, which is associated with long-term survival and a significantly reduced recurrence rate of 2%, compared to 60% for incomplete resections. Chemotherapy is generally not recommended but may be necessary for unresectable tumors. Advances in histopathological diagnosis provide deeper insights into IMT biology, aiding in the selection of appropriate treatments. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature on this rare clinical entity.
keywords:

inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, mesenchymal tumor, pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, myofibroblastic proliferation, rare lung tumor
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