Lung parenchymal trauma biomechanics, mechanisms, and classification: a narrative review of the current knowledge

Chrysa Koutsouroumpa; Vasileios Leivaditis; Francesk Mulita; Athanasios Papatriantafyllou; Konstantinos Grapatsas; Marianthi Baltagianni; Eleftherios Beltsios; Elias Liolis; Konstantinos Tasios; Andreas Antzoulas; Dimitrios Litsas; Konstantinos Nikolakopoulos; Manfred Dahm; Nikolaos Baltayiannis; Ioannis Maroulis; Efstratios Koletsis

doi:10.5114/kitp.2025.152221

eISSN: 1897-4252
ISSN: 1731-5530

Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

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2/2025
vol. 22

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abstract:

Review paper

Lung parenchymal trauma biomechanics, mechanisms, and classification: a narrative review of the current knowledge

Chrysa Koutsouroumpa

¹

,

Vasileios Leivaditis

²

,

Francesk Mulita

³

,

Athanasios Papatriantafyllou

²

,

Konstantinos Grapatsas

⁴

,

Marianthi Baltagianni

⁵

,

Eleftherios Beltsios

⁶

,

Elias Liolis

⁷

,

Konstantinos Tasios

³

,

Andreas Antzoulas

³

,

Dimitrios Litsas

⁸

,

Konstantinos Nikolakopoulos

⁹

,

Manfred Dahm

²

,

Nikolaos Baltayiannis

¹⁰

,

Ioannis Maroulis

³

,

Efstratios Koletsis

¹

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Westpfalz Klinikum, Kaiserslautern, Germany
Department of General Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
Department of Thoracic Surgery and Thoracic Endoscopy, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Western Attica, Athens, Greece
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hannover Medical School, Germany
Department of Oncology, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Lamia, Lamia, Greece
Department of Vascular Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
Department of Thoracic Surgery, ‘Metaxa’ Anticancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece

Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska 2025; 22 (2): 100-111

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/kitp.2025.152221

Online publish date: 2025/07/07

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AMA

Koutsouroumpa C, Leivaditis V, Mulita F, et al. Lung parenchymal trauma biomechanics, mechanisms, and classification: a narrative review of the current knowledge. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2025;22(2):100-111. doi:10.5114/kitp.2025.152221.

APA

Koutsouroumpa, C., Leivaditis, V., Mulita, F., Papatriantafyllou, A., Grapatsas, K.,  & Baltagianni, M. et al. (2025). Lung parenchymal trauma biomechanics, mechanisms, and classification: a narrative review of the current knowledge. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 22(2), 100-111. https://doi.org/10.5114/kitp.2025.152221

Chicago

Koutsouroumpa, Chrysa, Vasileios Leivaditis, Francesk Mulita, Athanasios Papatriantafyllou, Konstantinos Grapatsas, Marianthi Baltagianni,  and Eleftherios Beltsios et al. 2025. "Lung parenchymal trauma biomechanics, mechanisms, and classification: a narrative review of the current knowledge". Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 22 (2): 100-111. doi:10.5114/kitp.2025.152221.

Harvard

Koutsouroumpa, C., Leivaditis, V., Mulita, F., Papatriantafyllou, A., Grapatsas, K., Baltagianni, M., Beltsios, E., Liolis, E., Tasios, K., Antzoulas, A., Litsas, D., Nikolakopoulos, K., Dahm, M., Baltayiannis, N., Maroulis, I.,  and Koletsis, E. (2025). Lung parenchymal trauma biomechanics, mechanisms, and classification: a narrative review of the current knowledge. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 22(2), pp.100-111. https://doi.org/10.5114/kitp.2025.152221

MLA

Koutsouroumpa, Chrysa et al. "Lung parenchymal trauma biomechanics, mechanisms, and classification: a narrative review of the current knowledge." Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, vol. 22, no. 2, 2025, pp. 100-111. doi:10.5114/kitp.2025.152221.

Vancouver

Koutsouroumpa C, Leivaditis V, Mulita F, Papatriantafyllou A, Grapatsas K, Baltagianni M et al. Lung parenchymal trauma biomechanics, mechanisms, and classification: a narrative review of the current knowledge. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2025;22(2):100-111. doi:10.5114/kitp.2025.152221.

PlumX metrics:

Lung parenchymal injuries frequently result from thoracic trauma and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The lung’s unique biomechanical properties – including its architecture, histology, extracellular matrix (ECM), and respiratory physiology – play a critical role in determining how it responds to mechanical forces during trauma. Based on the mechanism of injury, lung trauma is typically categorized into three primary types: blunt, penetrating, and blast injuries. Each mechanism leads to distinct parenchymal injuries, including contusions, lacerations, herniation, and vascular injuries, which present with unique clinical features and management requirements. A comprehensive understanding of the biomechanics and tissue response to these injuries is essential for optimizing therapeutic strategies and improving patient outcomes in both the acute and long-term phases of lung trauma management. This review aims to provide a detailed exploration of lung parenchymal trauma, focusing on injury mechanisms, classifications, and the importance of accurate diagnosis and treatment.

keywords:

Lung parenchymal trauma biomechanics, mechanisms, and classification: a narrative review of the current knowledge

lung parenchymal trauma, thoracic injury, biomechanics of lung trauma, blunt trauma, penetrating lung injury, blast injury