Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy

Magnetic resonance imaging-guided salvage high-dose-rate brachytherapy for local recurrence after prostatectomy and external beam radiotherapy

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Meixoeiro Hospital, Vigo, Spain


  2. Department of Radiophysics, Meixoeiro Hospital, Vigo, Spain


  3. Department of Urology, Alvaro Cunqueiro Hospital, Vigo, Spain






J Contemp Brachytherapy 2026



Data publikacji online: 2026/06/03
Article file
Magnetic resonance imaging.pdf
  1. Cornford P, van den Bergh RCN, Briers E et al. EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer-2024 Update. Part I: Screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent. Eur Urol 2024; 86: 148-163.
  2. Kupelian PA, Buchsbaum JC, Elshaikh M et al. Factors affecting recurrence rates after prostatectomy or radiotherapy in localized prostate carcinoma patients with biopsy Gleason score 8 or above. Cancer 2002; 95: 2302-2307.
  3. Tilki D, van den Bergh RCN, Briers E et al. EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Part II-2024 Update: Treatment of relapsing and metastatic prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2024; 86: 164-182.
  4. Parker CC, Clarke NW, Cook AD et al. Timing of radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy (RADICALS-RT): a randomised, controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 2020; 396: 1413-1421.
  5. Kneebone A, Fraser-Browne C, Duchesne GM et al. Adjuvant radiotherapy versus early salvage radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy (TROG 08.03/ANZUP RAVES): a randomised, controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21: 1331-1340.
  6. Sargos P, Chabaud S, Latorzeff I et al. Adjuvant radiotherapy versus early salvage radiotherapy plus short-term androgen deprivation therapy in men with localised prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (GETUG-AFU 17): a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21: 1341-1352.
  7. Tilki D, Preisser F, Thamm R et al. Salvage radiotherapy versus observation for biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: a matched pair analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14: 740.
  8. Campbell SR, Tom MC, Agrawal S et al. Integrating prostate-specific antigen kinetics into contemporary predictive nomograms of salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol Oncol 2022; 5: 304-313.
  9. Krause BJ, Souvatzoglou M, Tuncel M et al. The detection rate of [11C]choline-PET/CT depends on the serum PSA-value in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008; 35: 18-23.
  10. Morigi JJ, Stricker PD, Van Leeuwen PJ et al. Prospective comparison of 18F-fluoromethylcholine versus 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in prostate cancer patients who have rising PSA after curative treatment and are being considered for targeted therapy. J Nucl Med 2015; 56: 1185-1190.
  11. Afshar-Oromieh A, Zechmann CM, Malcher A et al. Comparison of PET imaging with a (68)Ga-labelled PSMA ligand and (18)F-choline-based PET/CT for the diagnosis of recurrent prostate cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 41: 11-20.
  12. Caroli P, Sandler I, Matteucci F et al. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in patients with recurrent prostate cancer after radical treatment: prospective results in 314 patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 45: 2035-2044.
  13. Perera M, Papa N, Christidis D et al. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictors of positive 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography in advanced prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol 2016; 70: 926-937.
  14. Rouvière O, Vitry T, Lyonnet D. Imaging of prostate cancer local recurrences: why and how? Eur Radiol 2010; 20: 1254-1266.
  15. Dinis Fernandes C, van Houdt PJ, Heijmink SWTPJ et al. Quantitative 3T multiparametric MRI of benign and malignant prostatic tissue in patients with and without local recurrent prostate cancer after external-beam radiation therapy. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 50: 269-278.
  16. Donati OF, Jung SI, Vargas HA et al. Multiparametric prostate MR imaging with T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences: are all pulse sequences necessary to detect locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy? Radiology 2013; 268: 440-450.
  17. Ménard C, Susil RC, Choyke P et al. MRI-guided HDR prostate brachytherapy in standard 1.5T scanner. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 59: 1414-1423.
  18. Pucar D, Hricak H, Shukla-Dave A et al. Clinically significant prostate cancer local recurrence after radiation therapy occurs at the site of primary tumor: magnetic resonance imaging and step-section pathology evidence. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007; 69: 62-69.
  19. Daanen V, Gastaldo J, Giraud JY et al. MRI/TRUS data fusion for brachytherapy. Int J Med Robot 2006; 2: 256-261.
  20. Peach MS, Trifiletti DM, Libby B. Systematic review of focal prostate brachytherapy and the future implementation of image-guided prostate HDR brachytherapy using MR-ultrasound fusion. Prostate Cancer 2016; 2016: 4754031.
  21. Wojcieszek P, Szlag M, Głowacki G et al. Salvage high-dose-rate brachytherapy for locally recurrent prostate cancer after primary radiotherapy failure. Radiother Oncol 2016; 119: 405-410.
  22. Kollmeier MA, McBride S, Taggar A et al. Salvage brachytherapy for recurrent prostate cancer after definitive radiation therapy: A comparison of low-dose-rate and high-dose-rate brachytherapy and the importance of prostate-specific antigen doubling time. Brachytherapy 2017; 16: 1091-1098.
  23. Gomez-Iturriaga A, Tselis N, Willisch P et al. Salvage brachytherapy for recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy: An expert-endorsed review by uroGEC. Radiother Oncol 2025; 210: 111042.
  24. Valle LF, Lehrer EJ, Markovic D et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of local salvage therapies after radiotherapy for prostate cancer (MASTER). Eur Urol 2021; 80: 280-292.
  25. Xie S, Liu J, Shen B et al. Salvage low-dose vs high-dose brachytherapy for radio-recurrent prostate cancer. BJU Int 2025; 135: 940-952.
  26. Henríquez López I, González-San Segundo C, Vegas JO et al. Salvage brachytherapy for locally-recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy: A comparison of efficacy and toxicity outcomes with high-dose rate and low-dose rate brachytherapy. Radiother Oncol 2019; 141: 156-163.
  27. Buchser D, Gomez-Iturriaga A, Melcon JIR et al. Salvage high-dose-rate brachytherapy for histologically confirmed macroscopic local relapsed prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2016; 8: 477-483.
  28. Strom TJ, Wilder RB, Fernandez DC et al. High-dose-rate brachytherapy with or without intensity modulated radiation therapy as salvage treatment for an isolated, gross local recurrence of prostate cancer post-prostatectomy. Brachytherapy 2014; 13: 123-127.
  29. Kumar AMS, Smith KL, Reddy CA et al. Safety and efficacy of salvage low-dose-rate brachytherapy for prostate bed recurrences following radical prostatectomy. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2015; 7: 241-246.
  30. Ni L, Chen K, Phuong C et al. Outcomes of salvage high dose-rate brachytherapy with or without pelvic external beam radiotherapy in patients with palpable local recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Brachytherapy 2023; 22: 304-309.
  31. Gomez-Veiga F, Mariño A, Alvarez L et al. Brachytherapy for the treatment of recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy. BJU Int 2012; 109 Suppl 1: 17-21.
  32. Hosogoe S, Soma O, Matsumoto T et al. Salvage brachytherapy for castration-resistant and external beam radiotherapy-resistant local recurrence 17 years after radical prostatectomy. Case Rep Urol 2015; 2015: 1-3.
  33. Le Roy C, Gassa F, Rouvière O et al. Salvage low-dose-rate brachytherapy for local recurrences after prostatectomy and adjuvant or salvage external beam irradiation: Feasibility study on five patients and literature review. Brachytherapy 2021; 20: 19-28.
  34. Losa A, Nava LD, Di Muzio N et al. Salvage brachytherapy for local recurrence after radical prostatectomy and subsequent external beam radiotherapy. Urology 2003; 62: 1068-1072.
  35. Soror T, Melchert C, Rades D et al. Salvage high-dose-rate interventional radiotherapy (brachytherapy) for locally relapsed prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy and subsequent external irradiation. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2023; 15: 159-165.
  36. Aghili M, Jafari F, Yamrali M et al. Safety and efficacy of salvage high-dose rate brachytherapy for prostate-bed recurrences following radical prostatectomy and external beam radiotherapy. Int Urol Nephrol 2022; 54: 1031-1037.
  37. Pons-Llanas O, Burgos-Burgos J, Roldan-Ortega S et al. Salvage I-125 brachytherapy for locally-recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2020; 25: 754-759.
  38. Kluska A, Chyrek AJ, Guix B et al. High-dose-rate brachytherapy for salvage treatment of prostate cancer recurrence post-prostatectomy and radiotherapy: A multicenter retrospective analysis (HDR-REPOPRA) by UroGEC. Radiother Oncol 2025; 212: 111145.
  39. Tan N, Bavadian N, Calais J et al. Imaging of prostate specific membrane antigen targeted radiotracers for the detection of prostate cancer biochemical recurrence after definitive therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Urol 2019; 202: 231-240.
  40. Mazzone E, Thomson A, Chen DC et al. The role of prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography for assessment of local recurrence and distant metastases in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after definitive treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol 2025; 88: 129-141.
  41. Jannusch K, Bruckmann NM, Morawitz J et al. Recurrent prostate cancer: combined role for MRI and PSMA-PET in 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI. Eur Radiol 2024; 34: 4789-4800.
  42. Light A, Kanthabalan A, Otieno M et al. The role of multiparametric MRI and MRI-targeted biopsy in the diagnosis of radiorecurrent prostate cancer: an analysis from the FORECAST Trial. Eur Urol 2024; 85: 35-46.
  43. Cerci JJ, Fanti S, Lobato EE et al. Diagnostic performance and clinical impact of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT imaging in early relapsed prostate cancer after radical therapy: a prospective multicenter study (IAEA-PSMA Study). J Nucl Med 2022; 63: 240-247.

Copyright: © 2026 Termedia Sp. z o. o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Share
without publication fees