In patients with severe peripheral artery occlusive disease of the lower extremities, when all other methods of treatment have failed, amputation remains the only, and sometimes a life-saving, solution. A crucial part of the treatment of patients after amputation is rehabilitation, which aims to maximize the patient’s physical, social and vocational functions as well as to improve life quality. Rehabilitation consists of multiple stages including in-hospital rehabilitation during the pre- and postoperative period as well as preparation of the limb for the prosthesis and rehabilitation with the prosthesis on an outpatient basis. It must be stressed that efficiency of rehabilitation depends to a large extent on the patient’s compliance and motivation.