eISSN: 2081-2841
ISSN: 1689-832X
Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy
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6/2020
vol. 12
 
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abstract:
Original paper

Focal low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy for low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer

Hiroaki Kunogi
1
,
Yoshiaki Wakumoto
2
,
Terufumi Kawamoto
1
,
Masaki Oshima
1
,
Shigeo Horie
2
,
Keisuke Sasai
1

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
  2. Department of Urology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
J Contemp Brachytherapy 2020; 12, 6: 554–561
Online publish date: 2020/12/18
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Purpose
To prospectively investigate the efficacy and feasibility of focal low-dose-rate (LDR) prostate brachytherapy for low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer.

Material and methods
Between October 2014 and May 2019, nineteen low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients who presented with abnormality on both diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) underwent focal LDR brachytherapy at our institution. Focal gross tumor volume (F-GTV) was delineated on transrectal ultrasound, based on abnormality seen on fused T2-weighted MRI. F-GTV was expanded by 5 mm, as a safety margin, to create focal clinical target volume (F-CTV). Prescribed dose to F-CTV was 145 Gy. Biochemical recurrence (BCR) was determined using Phoenix criterion (prostate specific antigen nadir + 2 ng/ml). Pre- and post-implant dosimetry data were compared using non-parametric Wilcoxon’s rank sum test. Treatment-related toxicities were evaluated using common terminology criteria for adverse events.

Results
Mean F-CTV D90% was significantly lower in the post-implant evaluation than in intraoperative planning (p = 0.004). On post-implant dosimetry, the mean D90% for F-GTV and mean V100% for the entire prostate were 222 Gy and 35%, respectively. Median follow-up time for all patients was 31 months. BCR occurred in one patient after 23 months. Kaplan-Meier 2-year BCR-free rate was 92.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 79.4-100%). No patients had grade 1 or greater gastrointestinal toxicity. Three patients who were taking -blockers to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (present before brachytherapy), experienced no treatment-related genitourinary toxicities. Two patients suffered from temporary grade 2 urinary frequency. None of the remaining patients experienced grade 2 or higher genitourinary toxicity.

Conclusions
Focal LDR prostate brachytherapy appears acceptable for MRI-based index tumors, with a low cumulative incidence of BCR. Such brachytherapy might offer a feasible minimally invasive therapeutic option for localized prostate cancer.

keywords:

focal therapy, LDR brachytherapy, prostate cancer

 
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