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ISSN: 1689-832X
Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy
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3/2021
vol. 13
 
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abstract:
Original paper

High-dose-rate brachytherapy as monotherapy for low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer: long-term experience of Swedish single-center

Bengt Johansson
1
,
Johan Staby Olsén
2
,
Leif Karlsson
3
,
Erik Lundin
1
,
Bo Lennernäs
1

  1. Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
  2. Department of Oncology, Central Hospital of Karlstad, Karlstad, Sweden
  3. Department of Medical Physics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
J Contemp Brachytherapy 2021; 13, 3: 245–253
Online publish date: 2021/05/05
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Introduction
Until now, most long-term results for brachytherapy only has been published for low-dose-rate (LDR) seeds. Due to radiobiology reasons, high-dose-rate (HDR) mono-brachytherapy is of growing interest. The aim of the study was to report long-term biochemical control rate and toxicities with HDR monotherapy.

Material and methods
This was a retrospective single-institution experience, including 229 men, clinically staged T1c-T2b, Gleason 3 + 3 (prostate specific antigen (PSA) ≤ 15), or Gleason 3 + 4 (PSA ≤ 10), consecutively treated between 2004 and 2012 with HDR brachytherapy alone, using three different fractionation schedules of 92-95 Gy (EQD(2), α/β = 3). Group 4F (n = 19) had a single implant of 9.5 Gy in four fractions over 2 days. Group 3F (n = 107) had three separate implants of 11 Gy over 4 weeks. Group 2F (n = 103) had two implants of 14 Gy over 2 weeks. No adjuvant hormonal therapy was allowed.

Results
For 4F, 3F, and 2F study groups, median follow-up was 10.2, 7.1, and 6.1 years, respectively, and biochemical failure rate was 10.5%, 4.7%, and 14.6%, respectively. Early and late side effects were followed with common terminology criteria version 2.0 and patient-reported questionnaires. There were a temporary acute urethral toxicity increase, 1-2 grades over baseline lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which usually recovered. About 1/3 of the patients had a remaining one grade over baseline LUTS. Severe grade 3-4 toxicity were only found in 3.5% of patients. No rectal toxicity was observed. Erectile dysfunction (ED) was depending on age and erectile function before treatment. In patients without ED before the treatment, we found a complete ED in 21% of men at the last follow-up.

Conclusions
In the present study, HDR mono-brachytherapy was found to be an effective treatment, with mild long-term side effects difficult to differentiate from aging effects. There were no significant differences in PSA regression, PSA failure rate, and toxicity between the different fraction schedules.

keywords:

prostate cancer, HDR, brachytherapy, monotherapy, outcome

 
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