Medical Studies
eISSN: 2300-6722
ISSN: 1899-1874
Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne
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abstract:
Review paper

Anterior cruciate ligament injury: from biomechanism to complications of reconstruction – an overview

Jakub Bulski
1
,
Michał Wesołowski
2
,
Piotr Walus
3
,
Rafał Wójcicki
3
,
Tomasz Pielak
3
,
Mateusz Nęcki
,
Konrad Kotte
1
,
Michał Banasik
1
,
Joanna Lasoń
1
,
Weronika Płachta
1
,
Zuzanna Wiecheć
1
,
Eliza Wiska
1
,
Jan Zabrzyński
3, 4

  1. Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
  2. Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
  3. Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
  4. Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
Medical Studies
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ms.2025.154433
Online publish date: 2025/09/20
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The aim of this study was to review the literature in order to present indications for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery, the techniques of its performance, and potential complications. Indications for performing ACL reconstruction (ACLR) include knee instability and episodes of giving way, accompanying meniscal injuries, multi-ligament knee injuries, and the desire to return to a high level of physical activity, even among patients over 40 years of age. There are two main types of grafts: autografts and allografts. In the autograft group, the transplant material is most commonly taken from the hamstring tendons, quadriceps tendon, and patellar tendon. For a better understanding of the surgical procedure, this study includes photos from the ACLR surgery using hamstring tendons. The most common complication after ACLR is graft damage resulting from another knee injury. Among additional complications following ACLR, notable issues include arthrofibrosis, graft displacements, septic arthritis, and saphenous nerve injury.
keywords:

knee joint, anterior cruciate ligament injuries, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, arthroscopy, complications
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