Biology of Sport

Biology of Sport is the official journal of the Institute of Sport – National Research Institute, located in Warsaw (Poland) published since 1984.

Biology of Sport is an international scientific peer-reviewed journal, published quarterly in electronic format. The journal publishes articles concerning basic and applied sciences in sport: sports and exercise physiology, sports genetics, training and testing, sports performance and analysis, as well as in other biological aspects related to sport.

IMPACT FACTOR

MNiSW

140

JCI (Journal Citation Indicator)

2.33

Cite Score 2024

9.4

A new conceptual framework for managing hamstring injury risk in soccer – implementing a data-informed approach: a narrative review

Guglielmo Pillitteri, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Marco Petrucci, Hugo Sarmento, Antonio Figueiredo, Tindaro Bongiovanni, Antonino Bianco, Giuseppe Battaglia, Tim J. Gabbett

Relationship between aerobic performance and match running performance in elite soccer players including playing position and contextual factors

Jakub Kryściak, Tomas Maly, Maciej Tomczak, Toni Modric, James Malone, František Zahálka, Christian Clarup, Kirk Phillips, Marcin Andrzejewski

The effectiveness of differential learning in small-sided soccer games for skill development in U20 amateur male players

Jaouher Hamaidi, Wissem Dhahbi, Mohamed Mansour Bouzourraa, Noomen Guelmami, Mohamed Ben Aissa, Wassim Moalla, Ismail Dergaa, Katja Weiss, Thomas Rosemann, Beat Knechtle, Makrem Zghibi

Comparative effects of 9-month in-season resistance training with a novel periodization approach (integral periodization) vs. a traditional approach on high-intensity actions and non-contact injuries in young, trained soccer players

Jose Jimenez-Iglesias, Oliver Gonzalo-Skok, Mario Landi-Fernández, Alejandro Perez-Bey, Eduardo de la Pascua-Roca, Pedro Gómez Piqueras, Miguel Angel Campos-Vazquez, Jose Castro-Piñero

Can OpenCap deliver valid and reliable kinematic data for motion analysis? A systematic review and three-level meta-analysis

Salih Çabuk, Süleyman Ulupınar, İzzet İnce, Serhat Özbay

Return to performance: machine learning insights into how absence time following muscle injuries affects match running performance in LaLiga soccer players

Javier Pecci, Horacio Sánchez-Trigo, David Mancha-Triguero, Borja Sañudo, Gonzalo Reverte-Pagola, Juan José del Ojo-López, Roberto López del Campo, Ricardo Resta, Adrián Feria-Madueño

Priming strategies to enhance sprint performance in highly trained athletes across sports: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Krzysztof Kotuła, Lucas A. Pereira, Adam Zajac, Artur Golas, Adam Maszczyk, Irineu Loturco

Repeated static stretching was more effective for increasing range of motion and decreasing passive stiffness than a combination of a thermal agent with static stretching

Masatoshi Nakamura, Andreas Konrad, Kosuke Takeuchi, David G Behm

Does movement efficiency differentiate performance? An analysis of competition load in elite women’s padel

Ricardo Miralles, José Guzmán, Rafael Martínez-Gallego, Diego Muñoz, Jesús Ramón-Llin

Physiological and performance effects of a simulated prolonged service game in competitive male tennis players

André V. Brito, Filipa Cardoso, Anna Ogonowska-Slodownik, Alejandro Javaloyes, Jaime Fernandez-Fernandez, Ricardo J. Fernandes

Toward autonomous artificial intelligence agents in sports science: a modular framework for development, validation, and implementation

Ismail Dergaa, Sabri Barbaria, Wissem Dhahbi, Piotr Zmijewski, Karim Chamari, Helmi Ben Saad

A matter of time or timing: longitudinal analysis of sensitive periods for linear running speed performance and development in elite youth soccer

Maros Kalata, Jakub Lukavsky, Diogo V. Martinho, Craig A. Williams, Jan M. Konarski, Frantisek Zahalka, Robert M. Malina, Tomas Maly

Current issue

1/2026 vol. 43

A novel combination of genomic loci in ITGB2, COL5A1 and VEGFA associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture susceptibility: insights from Australian, Polish, Swedish, and South African cohorts

Senanile B. Dlamini, Colleen J. Saunders, Paweł Cieszczyk, Krzysztof Ficek, Charlotte K. Häger, Eva-Lena Stattin, Kjell G. Nilsson, Nir Eynon, Julian A. Feller, Oren Tirosh, Christian D. Bope, Emile R. Chimusa, Mary-Jessica N. Laguette, Malcolm Collins, Alison V. September

Biol Sport. 2026;43:3–20

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.152346

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Effects of eccentric- and concentric-based plyometric programmes on strength, speed and tensiomyography parameters of female athletes

Nikola Prvulović, Ana Lilić, Saša Pantelić, Milan Čoh, Milica Kojadinović, Vesna Vučić, Boštjan Šimunič

Biol Sport. 2026;43:21–33

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.152343

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Interaction effects between possession status and percentage: insights from modeling match-running performance across possession status in male soccer

Pengyu Pan, Carlos Lago-Peñas, Miguel Lorenzo-Martinez, Robert Rein, Tianbiao Liu, Daniel Memmert, Ricardo Resta Serra, Roberto López del Campo

Biol Sport. 2026;43:35–44

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2025.151653

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Interchangeability of external player load variables from different athlete tracking systems in English Premier League soccer players

Ronan Kavanagh, Kevin McDaid, Jack McDonnell, David Rhodes, David Tivey, Jill Alexander, Damian Harper, Piotr Zmijewski, Ryland Morgans

Biol Sport. 2026; 43: 45–52

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.153304

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Key performance indicators of offensive transitions in elite women’s football: a machine learning and explainability approach

Claudio A. Casal, José Luis Losada, Ana M. de Benito Trigueros, Rubén Maneiro, Iyán Iván-Baragaño

Biol Sport. 2026; 43: 53–64

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.153309

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Effects of velocity loss with blood flow restriction in full squat on strength gains, neuromuscular adaptations, and muscle hypertrophy

Juan Sánchez-Valdepeñas, Luis Rodiles-Guerrero, Pedro Jesús Cornejo-Daza, Jose Antonio Paez-Maldonado, Clara Cano-Castillo, Beatriz Bachero-Mena, Miguel Sánchez-Moreno, Juan José González-Badillo, Eduardo Saez de Villarreal, Fernando Pareja-Blanco

Biol Sport. 2026; 43: 65–75

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2025.151657

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Pupil dynamics reveal preparatory processes in the generation of pro-saccades and anti-saccades in open skill sports athletes

Jui-Tai Chen, Yi-Hsuan Chang, Cesar Barquero, Chin-An Wang

Biol Sport. 2026; 43: 77–94

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.153308

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Exploring the potential synergistic pharmacological and psychological effects of caffeine on exercise performance: a placebo-balanced study

Juan Del Coso, Beatriz Lara, César Gallo-Salazar, Francisco Areces, Millán Aguilar-Navarro, Verónica Giráldez-Costas, Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín, Fernando Valero, Juan Jose Salinero

Biol Sport.2026; 43: 95–105

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.153332

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The loading impact of training and match-play on non-contact muscle injuries in elite male soccer players. A seasonal analysis

Ryland Morgans, Rafael Oliveira, Mauro Mandorino, Piotr Zmijewski, Ben Ryan, Toni Modric, Jose Teixeira, Alexandre Moreira

Biol Sport. 2026; 43: 107–114

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.153305

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The impact of caffeine-mediated gut microbiota regulation on the athletic performance of football players

Jianlou Yang, Hongda Zhu, Bo Yao, Wei Zhang, Xiaodong Xing, Weibo Cheng, Chen Dong

Biol Sport. 2026; 43: 115–125

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.153312

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Effect of plyometric training based on the integral reactive strength index of national-level jumpers and sprinters. A randomized crossover trial

Raynier Montoro-Bombú, Hugo Sarmento, Armando Costa, Valter Pinheiro, Paulo Malico Sousa, Carlo Buzzichelli, Luis Rama

Biol Sport. 2026; 43: 127–138

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.152351

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Ischemic preconditioning combined with inter-set palm cooling enhances performance in strength-trained men during high-intensity resistance training: A randomized crossover trial

Chih-Min Wu, Wei-Cheng Chou, Wen-Yi Wang, Zong-Yan Cai

Biol Sport. 2026; 43: 139–147

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.152344

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The effects of daytime napping on psychophysiological measures in physically active individuals and athletes: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression, with assessment of the certainty of evidence

Omar Boukhris, Khaled Trabelsi, Haresh Suppiah, Haitham Jahrami, Matthew Driller

Biol Sport. 2026; 43: 149–163

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.153310

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How do muscle injuries relate to return-to-performance metrics in male elite football players?

Marc Guitart, Antonio Alonso-Callejo, Gil Rodas, Francesc Cos, Andres Martin-Garcia, Xavi Franquesa, Berta Carles, Xavier Valle, Xavier Yangüas, Jose Luis Felipe

Biol Sport. 2026; 43: 165–175

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.153532

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Twenty-four weeks of combined exercise training prevents metabolic syndrome progression in adult women: evidence from a randomized controlled trial

Mouna Abrougui, Refka Hassine, Monia Zaouali, Asma Ben Abdelaziz, Asma Omezzine, Meriam Denguezli

Biol Sport. 2026; 43: 177–186

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.153313

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Effects of different velocity loss thresholds on strength, neuromuscular adaptations, and muscle hypertrophy during bench press training in women

Luis Rodiles-Guerrero, Clara Cano-Castillo, Pedro Jesús Cornejo-Daza, Juan Sánchez-Valdepeñas, Borja Sañudo, Miguel Sánchez-Moreno, Beatriz Bachero-Mena, Fernando Pareja-Blanco

Biol Sport. 2026;43:187–198

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.152347

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The effectiveness of differential learning in small-sided soccer games for skill development in U20 amateur male players

Jaouher Hamaidi, Wissem Dhahbi, Mohamed Mansour Bouzourraa, Noomen Guelmami, Mohamed Ben Aissa, Wassim Moalla, Ismail Dergaa, Katja Weiss, Thomas Rosemann, Beat Knechtle, Makrem Zghibi

Biol Sport. 2026,43:199–211

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2025.151661

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Relationship between aerobic performance and match running performance in elite soccer players including playing position and contextual factors

Jakub Kryściak, Tomas Maly, Maciej Tomczak, Toni Modric, James Malone, František Zahálka, Christian Clarup, Kirk Phillips, Marcin Andrzejewski

Biol Sport. 2026;43:213–225

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.153311

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Evening smartphone exposure impairs sleep quality and next-day performance in elite soccer players: a randomized controlled trial

Nadia Dridi, Mohamed Abdelkader Souissi, Rim Dridi, Halil İbrahim Ceylan, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Atef Salem, Sofien Fekih, Mokhtar Chtara, Bessem Mkaouer, Hamdi Chtourou, Ismail Dergaa, Nizar Souissi, Valentina Stefanica, Piotr Żmijewski, Ryland Morgans

Biol Sport. 2026;43:227–242

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.152348

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Technical-tactical performance of Spanish female basketball players in first division (2013–2022): effects of match outcome, location, and playing position

Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona, Elena Gómez-Ramos, María I. Piñar, José M. Contreras, Sergio J. Ibáñez

Biol Sport. 2026;43:243–256

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.152349

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Physiological and performance parameters associated with critical power decline in hypoxia among highly-trained endurance athletes

Tomasz Kowalski, Adrian Wilk, Kinga Rębiś, Jadwiga Malczewska-Lenczowska, Andrzej Klusiewicz, Tadej Debevec, Raphael Faiss

Biol Sport. 2026;43:257–265

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.153530

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Reciprocal relationships between sleep quality, mental health and the quality of life in elite athletes: A pilot study

Mohamed Romdhani, Emna Bentouati, Rihab Abid, Imen Moussa-Chamari, Karim Chamari, Helmi Ben Saad, Tarak Driss, Nizar Souissi

Biol Sport. 2026;43:267–279

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.154147

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Recreational football training preserves bone health in women over 9 years during the menopause transition

Magni Mohr, May-Britt Skoradal, Tórur Sjúrðarson, Niklas R. Jørgensen, Jann Mortensen, Peter Krustrup

Biol Sport. 2026;43:281–290

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.154145

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Nutrition as a missing piece in the development of youth male soccer players: a scoping review and future directions

Diogo V. Martinho, Oliver Gonzalo-Skok, Karim Chamari, Adam Field, Filipe Manuel Clemente, André Rebelo, Élvio R. Gouveia, Vitor Hugo Teixeira, Piotr Zmijewski, Pedro Mendes, Pedro Campos, Hugo Sarmento

Biol Sport. 2026;43:291–317

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2025.151654

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Neuromechanical effects and predictive profiling of sprint priming strategies in elite youth sprinters

Krzysztof Kotuła, Aleksander Matusiński, Adam Maszczyk, Lucas A. Pereira, Adam Zajac, Irineu Loturco

Biol Sport. 2026;43:319–327

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.154150

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A new conceptual framework for managing hamstring injury risk in soccer – implementing a data-informed approach: a narrative review

Guglielmo Pillitteri, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Marco Petrucci, Hugo Sarmento, Antonio Figueiredo, Tindaro Bongiovanni, Antonino Bianco, Giuseppe Battaglia, Tim J. Gabbett

Biol Sport. 2026;43:329–353

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2025.151660

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The role of artificial intelligence in sports training: opportunities, challenges and future applications for competitive swimming

Luca Puce, Piotr Żmijewski, Filippo Cotellessa, Cristina Schenone, Halil I. Ceylan, Nicola L. Bragazzi, Carlo Trompetto

Biol Sport. 2026;43:355–367

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.152352

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Inter-limb asymmetry across multiple soccer tasks varies with maturity status in young players: a cross-sectional study

Hamza Marzouki, Bilel Cherni, Alâa Edine Sassi, Anissa Bouassida, Ezdine Bouhlel, Yung-Sheng Chen, Karim Chamari

Biol Sport. 2026;43:369–378

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.154159

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More details, less variability? A crossover design study on the impact of information granularity on ChatGPT’s training program stability

Zhangyu Yang, Xing Zhang, Hansen Li, Jianfei Ye

Biol Sport. 2026;43:379–392

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.154148

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Injuries according to sexual maturity status: a three-season observational study with male academy players of a professional Spanish football club

Mauricio Monaco, Eirik Halvorsen Wik, Abdulaziz Farooq, Gil Rodas

Biol Sport. 2026;43:393–403

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.154143

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Match demands and physical qualities of female athletes in Australian football, rugby union, rugby sevens, and rugby league: a scoping review

Riley J Brassington, Jocelyn K Mara, Nick Ball, Gordon Waddington, Kiera Paul, Julie Cooke

Biol Sport. 2026;43:405–428

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.153306

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Why do parents sign their children up for soccer in the United States?

José M. Oliva-Lozano, John Sullivan, Rick Cost, Felipe Lobelo, George Chiampas

Biol Sport. 2026;43:429–438

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.154144

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The relative age effect and transition rates across a national soccer program in male and female youth to senior players. A longitudinal analysis

Daniel Nisbet, Mauro Mandorino, Piotr Zmijewski, Toni Modric, José Eduardo Teixeira, Alexandre Moreira, Ryland Morgans

Biol Sport. 2026;43:439–448

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.154941

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Energy expenditure and physical activity responses to football for health training in adults with metabolic syndrome: a randomized clinical trial

Athanasios Poulios, Lambros Tsiokanos, Dimitrios Draganidis, Konstantinos Papanikolaou, Panagiotis Tsimeas, Niki Syrou, Georgios Metsios, Athanasios Chatzinikolaou, Georgios Ermidis, Athanasios Tsiokanos, Aggelos Pappas, Magni Mohr, Peter Krustrup, Athanasios Z. Jamurtas, Ioannis G. Fatouros

Biol Sport. 2026;43:449–461

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.154146

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Changes in physical fitness and body composition of athletes after the COVID-19 lockdown: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression, with assessment of the certainty of evidence

Jad Adrian Washif, Khaled Trabelsi, Jeffrey Pagaduan, Marie Stella Louise Perreras, Imen Moussa-Chamari, Narimen Yousfi, David B. Pyne, Karim Chamari

Biol Sport. 2026;43:463–488

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.153307

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Longitudinal cohort study on subsequent injury risk in professional football players in the Qatar Stars League: a probabilistic approach using basic learning

Montassar Tabben, Karim Chamari, Khalid Alkhelaifi, Tanvir Alam, Jassim Almulla

Biol Sport. 2026;43:489–498

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.152345

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Injury incidence, burden and associated risk factors in walking football players

Maite Lejonagoitia-Garmendia, Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona, Iratxe Duñabeitia, Izaro Esain, Rakel Berriozabalgoitia, Begoña Sanz, Xabier Monasterio, Jon Larruskain, Susana M Gil

Biol Sport. 2026;43:499–510

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.154946

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Enhancing physical performance with ischemic preconditioning: a systematic review and meta-analysis of moderators and performance outcomes

Yilin Zhang, Kai Xu, Hao Kong, Mingyue Yin, Chenghao Liu, Yun Xie, Liam Kilduff, Gustavo R Mota, Olivier Girard

Biol Sport. 2026;43:511–554

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.154945

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Can OpenCap deliver valid and reliable kinematic data for motion analysis? A systematic review and three-level meta-analysis

Salih Çabuk, Süleyman Ulupınar, İzzet İnce, Serhat Özbay

Biol Sport.2026;43:555–573

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.154942

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Data-driven classification of playing styles and match outcome prediction in UEFA Champions League teams

Yonghan Zhong, Ying Xu, Kecheng Zhu, Jorge Diaz-Cidoncha Garcia, Miguel Ángel Gómez Ruano, Qing Yi

Biol Sport.2026;43:575–586

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.154944

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Seasonal changes and variability of physical match demands in a highly trained female soccer team

João Barreira, Pedro Figueiredo, Cristian Petri, Luca Pengue, Francesco Perondi, Alessandro Buccolini, Jaime Fernandez-Fernandez, Fábio Y. Nakamura

Biol Sport. 2026;43:587–595

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.156226

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The effect of virtual and augmented reality training on soccer players: a systematic review of cognitive-motor performance

Ana Carolina Paludo, Adam Lipčák, Koulla Parpa, Elisavet Kyprianidou, Marios N. Avraamides

Biol Sport. 2026;43:597–604

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.153531

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Comprehensive multivariate insights into external training load in women’s football: four session clusters to optimize weekly periodization

Eider Barba, Beñat Erkizia, David Casamichana, Udane Etxebeste, Julen Castellano

Biol Sport. 2026;43:605–616

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.154943

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Aging reimagined: Bridging clinical modulation and scientific breakthroughs

Salah Mhamdi, Karim Chamari, Ahmed S. BaHammam, Walid Ahmed Alkeridy, Abdulrahman Ahmed Aldeeri, Helmi Ben Saad

Biol Sport. 2026;43:617–630

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.156224

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Repeated sprint training induces prolonged residual fatigue compared to other high-intensity interval training modalities in middle-distance runners

Kai Yang, Yang Xia, Ana Filipa Silva

Biol Sport.2026;43:631-645

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.156227

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Reaching higher, landing harder: classifying individualized jump intensity zones and ground impact forces in professional male and female volleyball matches

André Rebelo, Irineu Loturco, Aaron T. Scanlan

Biol Sport. 2026;43:647–657

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.156230

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Correction: Acute effects of beetroot juice vs. creatine supplementation on maximal strength, autonomic regulation, and muscle oxygenation during incremental resistance exercise

Atef Salem, Achraf Ammar, Mohamed Kerkeni, Mohamed Ali Boujelbane, Ayse Merve Uyar, Leonard Moritz Köbel, Saranya Selvaraj, Reza Zare, Katie M. Heinrich, Haitham Jahrami, Slim Tounsi, Giuseppe Grosso, Piotr Zmijewski, Wolfgang I. Schöllhorn, Khaled Trabelsi, Hamdi Chtourou

Biol Sport. 2026;43:659–660

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.156734

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Resistance priming strategies in professional Spanish soccer: A survey study into the practices and perceptions of strength and conditioning coaches

Enrique Cañadas-García, Alfonso de la Rubia, Anthony Weldon, Jaime González-García, Verónica Giráldez-Costas, Carlos García-Sánchez

Biol Sport. 2026;43:661–670

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.156228

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The effect of contextualised match variables on the metabolic power of elite soccer players during English Premier League match-play

Ryland Morgans, Rafael Oliveira, Mauro Mandorino, Ben Ryan, Piotr Zmijewski, Toni Modric, Jose Eduardo Teixeira, Alexandre Moreira

Biol Sport. 2026;43:671–678

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.156783

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Does Ramadan fasting influence time-motion metrics and psychophysiological responses in soccer players during small-sided games performed in fed and fasted states?

Mohamed Kerkeni, Karim Chamari, Manel Kerkeni, Omar Boukhris, Achraf Ammar, David B. Pyne, Waqar Husain, Hamdi Chtourou, Abdul Rashid Aziz, Haitham Jahrami, Khaled Trabelsi

Biol Sport. 2026;43:679–691

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.156231

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Growth, maturity status and performance of youth soccer players by playing status as adults

Robert M. Malina, Luís Horta, João P. Duarte, Nuno Silva-Borges, Tomas Oliveira, Jorge M. Celis-Moreno, Oscar M. Tavares, Andre Seabra, Jan M. Konarski, Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva

Biol Sport. 2026;43:693–701

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.156225

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Is the positioning of defensive players an aspect to consider in soccer transition games?

Jose A. Asian-Clemente, Bernardo Requena, Luis Suarez-Arrones, Piotr Żmijewski

Biol Sport. 2026;43:703–709

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.156229

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Influence of competitive level and playing position on the physical and technical demands of professional men’s football

Miguel Lampre-Ezquerra, José Luis Arjol-Serrano, Roberto López-Del Campo, Ricardo Resta, Elena Mainer-Pardos, Demetrio Lozano

Biol Sport. 2026;43:711–720

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.156233

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Comparable blood pressure reductions after indoor and outdoor walking exercise

Olga Papale, Emanuel Festino, Francesca Di Rocco, Carl Foster, Iris Prestanti, Sofia Serafini, Pascal Izzicupo, Cristina Cortis, Andrea Fusco

Biol Sport. 2026;43:721–728

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2026.156232

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The influence of contextual factors on the physical demands of soccer match-play

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