Can “deleterious genes variants” be beneficial? Antagonistic
pleiotropy on the example of the ApoE gene

Paula Bartecka; Andrzej Galbarczyk

doi:10.5114/ms.2026.159848

eISSN: 2300-6722
ISSN: 1899-1874

Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne

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Paula B. Bartecka

¹

,

Andrzej Galbarczyk

²

Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ms.2026.159848

Online publish date: 2026/03/16

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Copyright: © 2026 Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.

Can “deleterious genes variants” be beneficial? Antagonistic pleiotropy on the example of the ApoE gene

Paula B. Bartecka 1 , Andrzej Galbarczyk 2

Paula B. Bartecka

¹

,

Andrzej Galbarczyk

²