Thyroid diseases in a menopause period

Diseases of a thyroid gland affect function of whole human organism. Disturbances in hormonal levels and thyroid morphology (goiter) are more frequent in women than in men. Most cases of surgical treatment of thyroid are done in women’s age between 40 and 60 year. In this age gradually decreases function of ovary and estrogen blood serum levels, and the signs of menopause can be detected. Coexistence of impaired thyroid endocrine ability – hypothyreosis or hyperthyreosis and menopause, leads to early onset of some diseases or physiological disorders. Osteoporosis, ischaemic heart disease, thyroid cancers, emotional disturbances are subject of interest and investigations of many medical specialists. The most important research work has been done however in the molecular field of investigations. The role of activine A, interleukins 1, 6, 8, TNFα, elucidates pathogenesis of osteoporosis and gender relevance of goiter. Clinical conclusions are of the utmost importance in prophylaxis of diseases typical in menopause period. They help in early diagnosis and well conducted treatment of both menopause and thyroid functional disorders.