Co-occurrence of alcohol use disorder and mood disorders in the adult population in Poland: results from the EZOP II study
Department of Sociology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
University of Warsaw – Institute Of Applied Social Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
National Institute of Public Health NIH – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
Research Unit for Systems Analysis and Interdisciplinary Mental Health Studies, Clinic of Psychiatry, Combat Stress and Psychotraumatology, Military Institute of Medicine – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
Adv Psychiatry Neurol 2026; 35 (3): 147-160
Purpose
The study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of co-occurring mood disorders (MD) (depression, dysthymia, mania, neurasthenia) and alcohol use disorders (AUD) in the adult population in Poland.
Methods
The analysis was conducted based on data obtained from the EZOP II study, carried out in 2018-2019 using the CAPI method. The study employed a nationally representative random sample of 11,998 individuals. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) v.21.1.4 questionnaire was used for diagnostic assessments. Statistical analysis was performed using the cross-tabulations with confidence intervals, phi correlation coefficients, and multivariate logistic regression.
Results
The proportion of individuals in the general population diagnosed with co-occurring AUD and MD is 0.79%. AUD was associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk of MD in the entire sample and 2.7-fold increase in men. Among individuals with comorbid disorders, the average age of onset of AUD was lower than the average age of onset of MD. Significant predictors of co-occurrence included gender – women were significantly less likely to experience both disorders concurrently (OR = 0.163;
p ≤ 0.01). Among men, risk factors included unemployment (OR = 5.131, p ≤ 0.05), separation or divorce (OR = 12.714; p ≤ 0.01), and being in an informal relationship (OR = 6.821; p ≤ 0.01).
Conclusions
Given the well-documented gendered nature of MD diagnosis, current estimates of AUD-MD comorbidity may underestimate its true prevalence. Population-based study indicates that men aged 30-39, who are unemployed, divorced, separated, or cohabiting, and have a basic vocational education are at highest risk of the co-occurrence of MD and AUD.
Keywords
mood disorders, alcohol use disorders, comorbidity, EZOP II, dual diagnosis
Coverage in
Indexed in
Integrated with
